Direct-controlled municipality

A direct-controlled municipality is the highest level classification for cities used by unitary states, with status equal to that of the provinces in the respective countries. A direct-controlled municipality is similar to, but not the same as, a federal district, a common designation in various countries for a municipality that is not part of any state, and which usually hosts some governmental functions. Usually direct-controlled municipality are under central government control with limited power. In some cases, a similar term in federal states is the federal city.

Many countries have adopted this system with some variations. Geographically and culturally, many of the municipalities are enclaves in the middle of provinces. Some occur in strategic positions in between provinces.

Country Municipalities Main article
 Belarus Minsk
 Cambodia Phnom Penh
China (PRC) Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin Direct-administered municipalities of China
 Kazakhstan Almaty, Astana, Baikonur, Shymkent
 North Korea Pyongyang, Nampho, Rason, Kaesong Special cities of North Korea
 South Korea (until 1995)[1] Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon, Ulsan, Sejong Special cities of South Korea
 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek, Osh
 Laos Vientiane
 Moldova Chişinău, Bălți, Bender
 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar
 Philippines Highly urbanized cities: Manila, Angeles City, Bacolod, Baguio, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caloocan, Cebu City, Davao City, General Santos, Iligan, Iloilo City, Lapu-Lapu, Las Piñas, Lucena, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Olongapo, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, Puerto Princesa, Quezon City, San Juan, Tacloban, Taguig, Valenzuela, Zamboanga City;
Independent component cities: Cotabato City, Dagupan, Naga, Ormoc, Santiago
Independent municipality: Pateros		 Cities of the Philippines § Independent cities
Taiwan (ROC) Taipei,[2] Kaohsiung, New Taipei, Taichung, Tainan, Taoyuan Special municipality (Taiwan)
 Turkmenistan Ashgabat
 Ukraine Kyiv, Sevastopol (disputed)
 Uzbekistan Tashkent
 Vietnam Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong, Da Nang, Cần Thơ, Huế Municipalities of Vietnam

References

  1. ^ 지방자치법 <법률 제4789호, 1994.12.20.> 제2조 (지방자치단체의 종류)
  2. ^ Taipei City Government, Taipei Yearbook (2008).

See also

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