Metropolitan statistical area

In the United States, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the region.[1][2] Such regions are not legally incorporated as a city or town would be and are not legal administrative divisions like counties or separate entities such as states. As a result, sometimes the precise definition of a given metropolitan area will vary between sources. The statistical criteria for a standard metropolitan area were defined in 1949 and redefined as a metropolitan statistical area in 1983.[3]

Due to suburbanization, the typical metropolitan area is polycentric rather than being centered around a large historic core city such as New York City or Chicago.[4] Some metropolitan areas include more than one large historic core city; examples include the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News (Hampton Roads), Riverside–San Bernardino (Inland Empire), and Minneapolis–Saint Paul (Twin Cities).

MSAs are defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), which is part of the Executive Office of the President, and are used by the U.S. Census Bureau and other U.S. federal government agencies for statistical purposes.[5]

Definitions

An enlargeable map of the 935 core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) of the United States and Puerto Rico as of 2023; the 393 MSAs are shown in green.[6]
Metro area populations

The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines a set of core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) throughout the country, which are composed of counties and county equivalents.[7]

CBSAs are delineated on the basis of a central contiguous area of relatively high population density, known as an urban area. The counties containing the core urban area are known as the "central counties" of the CBSA; these are defined as having at least 50% of their population living in urban areas of at least 10,000 in population.[8] Additional surrounding counties, known as "outlying counties", can be included in the CBSA if these counties have strong social and economic ties to the central county or counties as measured by commuting and employment. Outlying counties are included in the CBSA if 25% of the workers living in the county work in the central county or counties, or if 25% of the employment in the county is held by workers who live in the central county or counties.

Adjacent CBSAs are merged into a single CBSA when the central county or counties of one CBSA qualify as an outlying county or counties to the other CBSAs.[8] One or more CBSAs may be grouped together or combined to form a larger statistical entity known as a combined statistical area (CSA) when the employment interchange measure (EIM) reaches 15% or more.

CBSAs are subdivided into MSAs (formed around urban areas of at least 50,000 in population) and micropolitan statistical areas (μSAs), which are CBSAs built around an urban area of at least 10,000 in population but less than 50,000 in population. Some metropolitan areas may include multiple cities below 50,000 people, but combined have over 50,000 people.[8] Previous terms that are no longer used to describe these regions include "standard metropolitan statistical area" (SMSA) and "primary metropolitan statistical area" (PMSA).[9] Metropolitan statistical areas containing over 2.5 million people can also be further divided into metropolitan divisions.[10]

On January 19, 2021, OMB submitted a regulation for public comment that would increase the minimum population needed for an urban area population to be a metropolitan statistical area to be increased from 50,000 to 100,000.[11] It ultimately decided to keep the minimum at 50,000 for the 2020 cycle.[12]

On July 21, 2023, the Office of Management and Budget released revised delineations of the various CBSAs in the United States.[6]

History

The Census Bureau created the metropolitan district for the 1910 census as a standardized classification for large urban centers and their surrounding areas. The original threshold for a metropolitan district was 200,000, but was lowered to 100,000 in 1930 and 50,000 in 1940.[13] The metropolitan districts were replaced by standard metropolitan areas (SMAs) in the 1950 census, which were defined by the Bureau of the Budget (now the Office of Management and Budget) and later renamed to standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMAs) in 1959.[13][14] The modern metropolitan statistical area was created in 1983 amid a large increase in the number of eligible markets, which grew from 172 in 1950 to 288 in 1980;[13][15] the core based statistical area (CBSA) was introduced in 2000 and defined in 2003 with a minimum population of 10,000 required for micropolitan areas and 50,000 for urban areas.[13][14]

United States

The 387 MSAs in the United States, including those in all 50 states and the national capital of Washington, D.C. are ranked, including:

  1. The MSA rank by population as of July 1, 2024, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau[16]
  2. The MSA name as designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget[6]
  3. The MSA population as of July 1, 2024, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau[16]
  4. The MSA population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census[16][a]
  5. The percent MSA population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2024[16]
  6. The combined statistical area (CSA)[b] if it is designated and the MSA is a component[17]
The 387 metropolitan statistical areas of the United States[16]
Metropolitan statistical area 2024
estimate 		2020
census[a] 		%
change 		Encompassing combined statistical area
New York–Newark–Jersey City, NY-NJ MSA 19,940,274 20,081,935 −0.71% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim, CA MSA 12,927,614 13,200,998 −2.07% Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
Chicago–Naperville–Elgin, IL-IN MSA 9,408,576 9,449,351 −0.43% Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX MSA 8,344,032 7,637,387 +9.25% Dallas–Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA
Houston–Pasadena–The Woodlands, TX MSA 7,796,182 7,149,642 +9.04% Houston–Pasadena, TX CSA
Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FL MSA 6,457,988 6,138,333 +5.21% Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Washington–Arlington–Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA 6,436,489 6,278,542 +2.52% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Atlanta–Sandy Springs–Roswell, GA MSA 6,411,149 6,104,803 +5.02% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA 6,330,422 6,245,051 +1.37% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler, AZ MSA 5,186,958 4,845,832 +7.04% Phoenix–Mesa, AZ CSA
Boston–Cambridge–Newton, MA-NH MSA 5,025,517 4,941,632 +1.70% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario, CA MSA 4,744,214 4,599,839 +3.14% Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
San Francisco–Oakland–Fremont, CA MSA 4,648,486 4,749,008 −2.12% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Detroit–Warren–Dearborn, MI MSA 4,400,578 4,392,041 +0.19% Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Seattle–Tacoma–Bellevue, WA MSA 4,145,494 4,018,762 +3.15% Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Minneapolis–St. Paul–Bloomington, MN-WI MSA 3,757,952 3,690,261 +1.83% Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN-WI CSA
Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA 3,424,560 3,175,275 +7.85%
San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA MSA 3,298,799 3,298,634 +0.01%
Denver–Aurora–Centennial, CO MSA 3,052,498 2,963,821 +2.99% Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, FL MSA 2,940,513 2,673,376 +9.99% Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Charlotte–Concord–Gastonia, NC-SC MSA 2,883,370 2,660,329 +8.38% Charlotte–Concord, NC-SC CSA
Baltimore–Columbia–Towson, MD MSA 2,859,024 2,844,510 +0.51% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
St. Louis, MO-IL MSA 2,811,927 2,820,253 −0.30% St. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington, MO-IL CSA
San Antonio–New Braunfels, TX MSA 2,763,006 2,558,143 +8.01% San Antonio–New Braunfels–Kerrville, TX CSA
Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos, TX MSA 2,550,637 2,283,371 +11.70%
Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA 2,537,904 2,512,859 +1.00% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Sacramento–Roseville–Folsom, CA MSA 2,463,127 2,397,382 +2.74% Sacramento–Roseville, CA CSA
Pittsburgh, PA MSA 2,429,917 2,457,000 −1.10% Pittsburgh–Weirton–Steubenville, PA-OH-WV CSA
Las Vegas–Henderson–North Las Vegas, NV MSA 2,398,871 2,265,461 +5.89% Las Vegas–Henderson, NV CSA
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA 2,302,815 2,249,797 +2.36% Cincinnati–Wilmington, OH-KY-IN CSA
Kansas City, MO-KS MSA 2,253,579 2,192,035 +2.81% Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Columbus, OH MSA 2,225,377 2,138,926 +4.04% Columbus–Marion–Zanesville, OH CSA
Indianapolis–Carmel–Greenwood, IN MSA 2,174,833 2,089,653 +4.08% Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Cleveland, OH MSA 2,171,877 2,185,825 −0.64% Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN MSA 2,150,553 2,014,444 +6.76% Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN CSA
San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara, CA MSA 1,995,484 2,000,468 −0.25% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News, VA–NC, MSA 1,794,278 1,780,059 +0.80% Virginia Beach–Norfolk, VA-NC CSA
Jacksonville, FL MSA 1,760,548 1,605,848 +9.63% Jacksonville–Kingsland–Palatka, FL-GA CSA
Providence–Warwick, RI-MA MSA 1,700,901 1,676,579 +1.45% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Milwaukee–Waukesha, WI MSA 1,574,452 1,574,731 −0.02% Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI CSA
Raleigh–Cary, NC MSA 1,562,009 1,413,982 +10.47% Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC CSA
Oklahoma City, OK MSA 1,497,821 1,425,695 +5.06% Oklahoma City–Shawnee, OK CSA
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN MSA 1,394,234 1,362,180 +2.35% Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown, KY-IN CSA
Richmond, VA MSA 1,370,165 1,314,434 +4.24%
Memphis, TN-MS-AR MSA 1,339,345 1,345,425 −0.45% Memphis–Clarksdale–Forrest City, TN-MS-AR CSA
Salt Lake City–Murray, UT MSA 1,300,762 1,257,936 +3.40% Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Birmingham, AL MSA 1,192,583 1,180,631 +1.01% Birmingham–Cullman–Talladega, AL CSA
Fresno, CA MSA 1,189,557 1,164,909 +2.12% Fresno–Hanford–Corcoran, CA CSA
Grand Rapids–Wyoming–Kentwood, MI MSA 1,178,826 1,150,015 +2.51% Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI CSA
Hartford–West Hartford–East Hartford, CT MSA 1,169,048 1,150,473 +1.61% New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Buffalo–Cheektowaga, NY MSA 1,160,172 1,166,902 −0.58% Buffalo–Cheektowaga–Olean, NY CSA
Tucson, AZ MSA 1,080,149 1,043,433 +3.52% Tucson–Nogales, AZ CSA
Tulsa, OK MSA 1,059,803 1,015,331 +4.38% Tulsa–Bartlesville–Muskogee, OK CSA
Rochester, NY MSA 1,057,218 1,065,361 −0.76% Rochester–Batavia–Seneca Falls, NY CSA
Omaha, NE-IA MSA 1,001,010 967,604 +3.45% Omaha–Fremont, NE-IA CSA
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA 998,747 1,016,508 −1.75%
Greenville–Anderson–Greer, SC MSA 996,680 928,195 +7.38% Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC CSA
Bridgeport–Stamford–Danbury, CT MSA 972,679 946,327 +2.78% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
New Orleans–Metairie, LA MSA 966,230 1,007,275 −4.07% New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell, LA-MS CSA
Knoxville, TN MSA 957,608 903,300 +6.01% Knoxville–Morristown–Sevierville, TN CSA
North Port–Bradenton–Sarasota, FL MSA 934,956 833,716 +12.14% North Port–Bradenton, FL CSA
Albuquerque, NM MSA 926,303 916,528 +1.07% Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos, NM CSA
Bakersfield–Delano, CA MSA 922,529 909,235 +1.46%
McAllen–Edinburg–Mission, TX MSA 914,820 870,781 +5.06% McAllen–Edinburg, TX CSA
Albany–Schenectady–Troy, NY MSA 913,485 899,262 +1.58% Albany–Schenectady, NY CSA
Allentown–Bethlehem–Easton, PA-NJ MSA 886,418 861,889 +2.85% Allentown–Bethlehem–East Stroudsburg, PA-NJ CSA
Baton Rouge, LA MSA 882,652 870,569 +1.39% Baton Rouge–Hammond, LA CSA
Worcester, MA MSA 881,248 862,111 +2.22% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
El Paso, TX MSA 879,392 868,859 +1.21% El Paso–Las Cruces, TX-NM CSA
Columbia, SC MSA 870,193 829,470 +4.91% Columbia–Sumter–Orangeburg, SC CSA
Charleston–North Charleston, SC MSA 869,940 799,636 +8.79%
Cape Coral–Fort Myers, FL MSA 860,959 760,822 +13.16% Cape Coral–Fort Myers–Naples, FL CSA
Lakeland–Winter Haven, FL MSA 852,878 725,046 +17.63% Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Boise City, ID MSA 845,877 764,718 +10.61% Boise City–Mountain Home–Ontario, ID-OR CSA
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura, CA MSA 835,427 843,843 −1.00% Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA
Dayton–Kettering–Beavercreek, OH MSA 821,740 814,049 +0.94% Dayton–Springfield–Kettering, OH CSA
Stockton–Lodi, CA MSA 816,108 779,233 +4.73% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Greensboro–High Point, NC MSA 800,722 776,566 +3.11% Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Colorado Springs, CO MSA 777,634 755,105 +2.98%
Little Rock–North Little Rock–Conway, AR MSA 769,258 748,031 +2.84% Little Rock–North Little Rock, AR CSA
Provo–Orem–Lehi, UT MSA 760,531 671,185 +13.31% Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Des Moines–West Des Moines, IA MSA 753,913 709,466 +6.26% Des Moines–West Des Moines–Ames, IA CSA
Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach, FL MSA 739,516 668,921 +10.55% Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh, NY MSA 711,730 697,221 +2.08% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Madison, WI MSA 707,606 680,796 +3.94% Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI CSA
Winston-Salem, NC MSA 705,187 675,966 +4.32% Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Akron, OH MSA 702,209 702,219 0.00% Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Ogden, UT MSA 667,681 637,197 +4.78% Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT CSA
Wichita, KS MSA 661,217 647,610 +2.10% Wichita–Arkansas City–Winfield, KS CSA
Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville, FL MSA 658,447 606,612 +8.55%
Syracuse, NY MSA 655,189 662,057 −1.04% Syracuse–Auburn, NY CSA
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA 636,760 611,000 +4.22%
Durham–Chapel Hill, NC MSA 620,522 588,911 +5.37% Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC CSA
Harrisburg–Carlisle, PA MSA 615,361 591,712 +4.00% Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Jackson, MS MSA 606,178 619,968 −2.22% Jackson–Vicksburg–Brookhaven, MS CSA
Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers, AR MSA 605,615 546,725 +10.77%
Spokane–Spokane Valley, WA MSA 604,962 585,784 +3.27% Spokane–Spokane Valley–Coeur d'Alene, WA-ID CSA
Toledo, OH MSA 601,396 606,240 −0.80%
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA 588,050 562,647 +4.51% Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
New Haven, CT MSA 576,718 570,487 +1.09% New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Reno, NV MSA 575,110 549,831 +4.60% Reno–Carson City–Gardnerville Ranchos, NV-CA CSA
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA 574,009 567,559 +1.14%
Portland–South Portland, ME MSA 571,534 551,740 +3.59% Portland–Lewiston–South Portland, ME CSA
Lancaster, PA MSA 563,293 552,984 +1.86%
Modesto, CA MSA 556,972 552,878 +0.74% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA 556,336 487,657 +14.08% Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Huntsville, AL MSA 542,297 491,723 +10.29% Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville, AL-TN CSA
Pensacola–Ferry Pass–Brent, FL MSA 538,928 509,905 +5.69%
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA 533,366 516,811 +3.20% Lexington-Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY CSA
Killeen–Temple, TX MSA 509,487 475,367 +7.18%
Springfield, MO MSA 496,975 475,432 +4.53%
Santa Rosa–Petaluma, CA MSA 485,375 488,863 −0.71%
Visalia, CA MSA 483,546 473,117 +2.20%
Wilmington, NC MSA 480,522 422,598 +13.71%
Lansing–East Lansing, MI MSA 479,971 473,203 +1.43% Lansing–East Lansing–Owosso, MI CSA
York–Hanover, PA MSA 471,240 456,438 +3.24% Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Springfield, MA MSA 464,151 465,825 −0.36% Springfield–Amherst Town–Northampton, MA CSA
Fort Wayne, IN MSA 462,978 447,781 +3.39% Fort Wayne–Huntington–Auburn, IN CSA
Waterbury–Shelton, CT MSA 462,220 450,376 +2.63% New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Vallejo, CA MSA 455,101 453,491 +0.36% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Corpus Christi, TX MSA 450,187 445,763 +0.99% Corpus Christi–Kingsville–Alice, TX CSA
Santa Maria–Santa Barbara, CA MSA 444,500 448,229 −0.83%
Salem, OR MSA 443,416 433,353 +2.32% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Reading, PA MSA 439,117 428,849 +2.39% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Salinas, CA MSA 436,251 439,035 −0.63%
Brownsville–Harlingen, TX MSA 431,874 421,017 +2.58% Brownsville–Harlingen–Raymondville, TX CSA
Savannah, GA MSA 431,589 404,798 +6.62% Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro, GA CSA
Manchester–Nashua, NH MSA 430,462 422,937 +1.78% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Ocala, FL MSA 428,905 375,908 +14.10%
Gulfport–Biloxi, MS MSA 426,793 416,259 +2.53%
Youngstown–Warren, OH MSA 426,086 430,591 −1.05% Youngstown–Warren–Salem, OH CSA
Asheville, NC MSA 422,333 406,926 +3.79% Asheville–Waynesville–Brevard, NC CSA
Lafayette, LA MSA 419,704 408,455 +2.75% Lafayette–New Iberia–Opelousas, LA CSA
Naples–Marco Island, FL MSA 416,233 375,752 +10.77% Cape Coral–Fort Myers–Naples, FL CSA
Myrtle Beach–Conway–North Myrtle Beach, SC MSA 413,391 351,029 +17.77% Myrtle Beach–Conway, SC CSA
Mobile, AL MSA 412,339 414,809 −0.60% Mobile–Daphne–Fairhope, AL CSA
Anchorage, AK MSA 407,213 398,328 +2.23%
Flint, MI MSA 402,279 406,211 −0.97% Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Canton–Massillon, OH MSA 400,551 401,574 −0.25% Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Beaumont–Port Arthur, TX MSA 398,733 397,565 +0.29%
Tallahassee, FL MSA 397,675 384,298 +3.48% Tallahassee–Bainbridge, FL-GA CSA
Spartanburg, SC MSA 395,934 355,241 +11.46% Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC CSA
Fayetteville, NC MSA 393,812 386,810 +1.81% Fayetteville–Lumberton–Pinehurst, NC CSA
Trenton–Princeton, NJ MSA 392,138 387,340 +1.24% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Montgomery, AL MSA 387,885 386,047 +0.48% Montgomery–Selma, AL CSA
Shreveport–Bossier City, LA MSA 383,269 393,406 −2.58% Shreveport–Bossier City–Minden, LA CSA
Eugene–Springfield, OR MSA 382,396 382,971 −0.15%
Davenport–Moline–Rock Island, IA-IL MSA 381,801 384,324 −0.66% Davenport–Moline, IA-IL CSA
Fort Collins–Loveland, CO MSA 374,574 359,066 +4.32%
Ann Arbor, MI MSA 373,875 372,258 +0.43% Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Hickory–Lenoir–Morganton, NC MSA 373,031 365,276 +2.12% Charlotte–Concord, NC-SC CSA
Atlantic City–Hammonton, NJ MSA 372,989 369,797 +0.86% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Greeley, CO MSA 369,745 328,981 +12.39% Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
Lubbock, TX MSA 367,109 351,268 +4.51% Lubbock–Plainview, TX CSA
Huntington–Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA 366,920 376,155 −2.46% Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV-OH-KY CSA
Peoria, IL MSA 364,565 368,782 −1.14% Peoria–Canton, IL CSA
Gainesville, FL MSA 359,780 339,247 +6.05% Gainesville–Lake City, FL CSA
Lincoln, NE MSA 350,626 340,217 +3.06% Lincoln–Beatrice, NE CSA
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA 345,955 320,535 +7.93%
Rockford, IL MSA 337,103 338,798 −0.50% Rockford–Freeport–Rochelle, IL CSA
Green Bay, WI MSA 334,697 328,268 +1.96% Green Bay–Shawano, WI CSA
Boulder, CO MSA 330,262 330,758 −0.15% Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA
South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA 325,294 324,501 +0.24% South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Columbus, GA-AL MSA 324,343 328,883 −1.38% Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA-AL CSA
Kennewick–Richland, WA MSA 319,428 303,622 +5.21% Kennewick–Richland–Walla Walla, WA CSA
Roanoke, VA MSA 315,749 315,251 +0.16%
Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA MSA 313,876 307,614 +2.04% Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA CSA
Hagerstown–Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA 311,295 293,844 +5.94% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Crestview–Fort Walton Beach–Destin, FL MSA 310,149 286,973 +8.08%
Sioux Falls, SD-MN MSA 308,266 286,434 +7.62%
Waco, TX MSA 307,123 295,782 +3.83%
Olympia–Lacey–Tumwater, WA MSA 302,912 294,793 +2.75% Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Merced, CA MSA 296,774 281,202 +5.54% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Longview, TX MSA 295,490 286,184 +3.25%
Utica–Rome, NY MSA 287,932 292,264 −1.48%
College Station–Bryan, TX MSA 287,462 268,248 +7.16%
Norwich–New London–Willimantic, CT MSA 282,602 280,430 +0.77% New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA 281,963 268,674 +4.95%
San Luis Obispo–Paso Robles, CA MSA 281,843 282,424 −0.21%
Duluth, MN-WI MSA 281,815 280,733 +0.39% Duluth–Grand Rapids, MN-WI CSA
Bremerton–Silverdale–Port Orchard, WA MSA 281,420 275,611 +2.11% Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA 278,677 276,520 +0.78% Cedar Rapids–Iowa City, IA CSA
Slidell–Mandeville–Covington, LA MSA 277,615 264,570 +4.93% New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell, LA-MS CSA
Amarillo, TX MSA 274,650 268,691 +2.22% Amarillo–Borger, TX CSA
Laredo, TX MSA 272,823 267,114 +2.14%
Evansville, IN MSA 271,793 269,256 +0.94% Evansville–Henderson, IN-KY CSA
Fargo, ND-MN MSA 267,793 249,843 +7.18% Fargo–Wahpeton, ND-MN CSA
Erie, PA MSA 267,750 270,876 −1.15% Erie–Meadville, PA CSA
Lynchburg, VA MSA 266,432 261,593 +1.85%
Kalamazoo–Portage, MI MSA 264,780 261,670 +1.19% Kalamazoo–Battle Creek–Portage, MI CSA
Bend, OR MSA 264,407 247,493 +6.83%
Santa Cruz–Watsonville, CA MSA 262,406 270,861 −3.12% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Daphne–Fairhope–Foley, AL MSA 261,608 231,767 +12.88% Mobile–Daphne–Fairhope, AL CSA
Yakima, WA MSA 258,523 256,728 +0.70%
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA 252,013 236,209 +6.69%
Tyler, TX MSA 249,091 233,479 +6.69% Tyler–Jacksonville, TX CSA
Appleton, WI MSA 248,992 243,147 +2.40% Appleton–Oshkosh–Neenah, WI CSA
Binghamton, NY MSA 243,971 247,138 −1.28%
Lake Charles, LA MSA 242,975 254,652 −4.59% Lake Charles–DeRidder, LA CSA
Champaign–Urbana, IL MSA 242,453 236,072 +2.70% Champaign–Urbana–Danville, IL CSA
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA 237,617 233,802 +1.63% Macon-Bibb County–Warner Robins, GA CSA
Hilton Head Island–Bluffton–Port Royal, SC MSA 237,393 215,908 +9.95%
Bellingham, WA MSA 234,954 226,847 +3.57%
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA 232,848 227,213 +2.48%
Topeka, KS MSA 232,648 233,152 −0.22%
Barnstable Town, MA MSA 232,570 228,996 +1.56% Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA
Rochester, MN MSA 230,742 226,329 +1.95% Rochester–Austin–Winona, MN CSA
Lafayette–West Lafayette, IN MSA 229,701 223,716 +2.68% Lafayette–West Lafayette–Frankfort, IN CSA
Burlington–South Burlington, VT MSA 229,445 225,562 +1.72% Burlington–South Burlington–Barre, VT CSA
Las Cruces, NM MSA 229,366 219,561 +4.47% El Paso–Las Cruces, TX-NM CSA
Charlottesville, VA MSA 227,336 221,524 +2.62%
Lake Havasu City–Kingman, AZ MSA 226,479 213,267 +6.20%
Panama City–Panama City Beach, FL MSA 226,221 200,534 +12.81%
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA 223,689 215,415 +3.84% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Monroe, LA MSA 221,921 227,147 −2.30% Monroe–Ruston, LA CSA
Gainesville, GA MSA 221,745 203,136 +9.16% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Medford, OR MSA 221,331 223,259 −0.86% Medford–Grants Pass, OR CSA
Yuma, AZ MSA 220,310 203,881 +8.06%
Columbia, MO MSA 219,426 210,864 +4.06% Columbia–Jefferson City–Moberly, MO CSA
Johnson City, TN MSA 214,948 207,285 +3.70% Johnson City–Kingsport–Bristol, TN-VA CSA
Jacksonville, NC MSA 212,954 204,576 +4.10%
Punta Gorda, FL MSA 212,122 186,847 +13.53% North Port–Bradenton, FL CSA
Lexington Park, MD MSA 211,382 206,560 +2.33% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Chico, CA MSA 208,334 211,632 −1.56%
St. George, UT MSA 207,943 180,279 +15.35%
Elkhart–Goshen, IN MSA 207,436 207,047 +0.19% South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Joplin, MO-KS MSA 207,131 200,771 +3.17% Joplin–Miami, MO-OK-KS CSA
Springfield, IL MSA 206,308 208,640 −1.12% Springfield–Jacksonville–Lincoln, IL CSA
Auburn–Opelika, AL MSA 206,006 193,773 +6.31% Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA-AL CSA
St. Cloud, MN MSA 205,878 199,671 +3.11% Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN-WI CSA
Warner Robins, GA MSA 204,110 191,614 +6.52% Macon-Bibb County–Warner Robins, GA CSA
Charleston, WV MSA 202,091 210,605 −4.04% Charleston–Huntington–Ashland, WV-OH-KY CSA
Florence, SC MSA 200,474 199,964 +0.26%
Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux, LA MSA 199,206 207,137 −3.83%
Racine–Mount Pleasant, WI MSA 198,651 197,727 +0.47% Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI CSA
Bowling Green, KY MSA 195,159 179,639 +8.64% Bowling Green–Glasgow–Franklin, KY CSA
Dover, DE MSA 192,690 181,851 +5.96% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Billings, MT MSA 192,531 184,167 +4.54%
Midland, TX MSA 188,766 175,220 +7.73% Midland–Odessa–Andrews, TX CSA
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA 188,323 171,362 +9.90% Spokane–Spokane Valley–Coeur d'Alene, WA-ID CSA
Saginaw, MI MSA 187,714 190,124 −1.27% Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Yuba City, CA MSA 186,014 181,208 +2.65% Sacramento–Roseville, CA CSA
Abilene, TX MSA 184,278 176,579 +4.36% Abilene–Sweetwater, TX CSA
Jackson, TN MSA 183,680 180,504 +1.76%
Burlington, NC MSA 183,040 171,415 +6.78% Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA
Kingston, NY MSA 182,977 181,851 +0.62% New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA
Iowa City, IA MSA 182,711 175,419 +4.16% Cedar Rapids–Iowa City, IA CSA
Blacksburg–Christiansburg–Radford, VA MSA 182,041 181,854 +0.10%
El Centro, CA MSA 181,724 179,702 +1.13%
Redding, CA MSA 181,121 182,155 −0.57% Redding–Red Bluff, CA CSA
Greenville, NC MSA 180,783 170,243 +6.19% Greenville–Washington, NC CSA
Muskegon–Norton Shores, MI MSA 177,428 175,824 +0.91% Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI CSA
Eau Claire, WI MSA 176,153 172,007 +2.41% Eau Claire–Menomonie, WI CSA
Oshkosh–Neenah, WI MSA 173,307 171,730 +0.92% Appleton–Oshkosh–Neenah, WI CSA
Sebastian–Vero Beach–West Vero Corridor, FL MSA 172,139 159,788 +7.73% Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA
Bloomington, IL MSA 172,069 170,954 +0.65% Bloomington–Pontiac, IL CSA
Idaho Falls, ID MSA 171,233 157,429 +8.77% Idaho Falls–Rexburg–Blackfoot, ID CSA
La Crosse–Onalaska, WI-MN MSA 170,763 170,341 +0.25% La Crosse–Onalaska–Sparta, WI-MN CSA
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA 170,174 153,843 +10.62%
Waterloo–Cedar Falls, IA MSA 170,081 168,461 +0.96%
Odessa, TX MSA 170,022 165,171 +2.94% Midland–Odessa–Andrews, TX CSA
Pueblo, CO MSA 169,866 168,162 +1.01% Pueblo–Cañon City, CO CSA
Terre Haute, IN MSA 168,874 168,875 0.00%
Kenosha, WI MSA 168,754 169,151 −0.23% Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Janesville–Beloit, WI MSA 165,461 163,687 +1.08% Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI CSA
Amherst Town–Northampton, MA MSA 165,399 162,308 +1.90% Springfield–Amherst Town–Northampton, MA CSA
Kahului–Wailuku, HI MSA 163,769 164,836 −0.65%
Bloomington, IN MSA 162,553 161,039 +0.94% Bloomington–Bedford, IN CSA
Grand Junction, CO MSA 161,260 155,703 +3.57%
Logan, UT-ID MSA 161,125 147,348 +9.35%
Jackson, MI MSA 160,233 160,366 −0.08%
State College, PA MSA 159,805 158,172 +1.03% State College–DuBois, PA CSA
Decatur, AL MSA 159,651 156,494 +2.02% Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville, AL-TN CSA
Chambersburg, PA MSA 159,285 155,932 +2.15% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Santa Fe, NM MSA 157,765 154,823 +1.90% Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos, NM CSA
Bangor, ME MSA 156,840 152,199 +3.05%
Traverse City, MI MSA 156,634 153,448 +2.08%
Hattiesburg, MS MSA 156,575 153,891 +1.74% Hattiesburg–Laurel, MS CSA
Florence–Muscle Shoals, AL MSA 156,287 150,791 +3.64% Florence–Muscle Shoals–Russellville, AL CSA
Rapid City, SD MSA 156,227 147,392 +5.99% Rapid City–Spearfish, SD CSA
Monroe, MI MSA 156,045 154,809 +0.80% Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA
Vineland, NJ MSA 155,678 154,152 +0.99% Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA
Hanford–Corcoran, CA MSA 154,913 152,486 +1.59% Fresno–Hanford–Corcoran, CA CSA
Dothan, AL MSA 154,766 151,007 +2.49% Dothan–Enterprise–Ozark, AL CSA
Wildwood–The Villages, FL MSA 154,693 129,752 +19.22% Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA
Niles, MI MSA 152,703 154,316 −1.05% South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka, IN-MI CSA
Valdosta, GA MSA 152,588 148,126 +3.01%
Jefferson City, MO MSA 151,523 150,309 +0.81% Columbia–Jefferson City–Moberly, MO CSA
Sherman–Denison, TX MSA 150,532 135,543 +11.06% Dallas–Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA
Wichita Falls, TX MSA 149,869 148,128 +1.18%
Winchester, VA-WV MSA 149,702 142,632 +4.96% Washington–Baltimore–Arlington, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA CSA
Alexandria, LA MSA 148,008 152,192 −2.75%
Rocky Mount, NC MSA 147,114 143,870 +2.25% Rocky Mount–Wilson–Roanoke Rapids, NC CSA
Dalton, GA MSA 146,386 142,837 +2.48% Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA 145,994 144,334 +1.15% Sioux City–Le Mars, IA-NE-SD CSA
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA 145,576 147,519 −1.32%
Albany, GA MSA 145,451 148,922 −2.33%
Lebanon, PA MSA 145,319 143,257 +1.44% Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Flagstaff, AZ MSA 145,161 145,101 +0.04%
Morgantown, WV MSA 142,752 140,038 +1.94%
Hammond, LA MSA 139,823 133,157 +5.01% Baton Rouge–Hammond, LA CSA
Bismarck, ND MSA 139,183 133,626 +4.16%
Wausau, WI MSA 139,091 138,013 +0.78% Wausau–Stevens Point–Wisconsin Rapids, WI CSA
Harrisonburg, VA MSA 138,838 135,571 +2.41% Harrisonburg–Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA CSA
Jonesboro, AR MSA 138,152 134,196 +2.95% Jonesboro–Paragould, AR CSA
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA 135,136 139,513 −3.14%
Springfield, OH MSA 134,985 136,001 −0.75% Dayton–Springfield–Kettering, OH CSA
Manhattan, KS MSA 134,892 134,046 +0.63%
Battle Creek, MI MSA 133,785 134,310 −0.39% Kalamazoo–Battle Creek–Portage, MI CSA
Mount Vernon–Anacortes, WA MSA 132,736 129,523 +2.48% Seattle–Tacoma, WA CSA
Napa, CA MSA 132,727 138,019 −3.83% San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA
Albany, OR MSA 132,474 128,610 +3.00% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Cleveland, TN MSA 132,120 126,164 +4.72% Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN-GA-AL CSA
Salisbury, MD MSA 131,570 128,208 +2.62% Salisbury–Ocean Pines, MD CSA
Johnstown, PA MSA 130,108 133,472 −2.52% Johnstown–Somerset, PA CSA
Ames, IA MSA 129,227 125,252 +3.17% Des Moines–West Des Moines–Ames, IA CSA
Pittsfield, MA MSA 128,726 129,026 −0.23%
Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA MSA 128,481 125,433 +2.43% Harrisonburg–Staunton–Stuarts Draft, VA CSA
Elizabethtown, KY MSA 127,954 125,569 +1.90% Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown, KY-IN CSA
Missoula, MT MSA 127,741 122,457 +4.31%
Wenatchee–East Wenatchee, WA MSA 127,023 122,012 +4.11%
Bozeman, MT MSA 126,984 118,960 +6.75%
Morristown, TN MSA 126,932 119,182 +6.50% Knoxville–Morristown–Sevierville, TN CSA
Lawton, OK MSA 126,899 126,652 +0.20% Lawton–Duncan, OK CSA
Sierra Vista–Douglas, AZ MSA 125,773 125,447 +0.26%
Glens Falls, NY MSA 125,127 127,039 −1.51% Albany–Schenectady, NY CSA
Mansfield, OH MSA 124,853 124,936 −0.07% Mansfield–Ashland–Bucyrus, OH CSA
Twin Falls, ID MSA 122,565 114,283 +7.25%
Lawrence, KS MSA 121,989 118,785 +2.70% Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
San Angelo, TX MSA 121,629 121,516 +0.09%
Farmington, NM MSA 120,817 121,661 −0.69%
Goldsboro, NC MSA 120,338 117,333 +2.56%
Altoona, PA MSA 120,269 122,822 −2.08% Altoona–Huntingdon, PA CSA
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA 119,124 121,467 −1.93% Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA
Sheboygan, WI MSA 118,331 118,034 +0.25%
Brunswick–St. Simons, GA MSA 117,135 113,495 +3.21%
Anniston–Oxford, AL MSA 116,427 116,441 −0.01%
Lewiston–Auburn, ME MSA 115,272 111,139 +3.72% Portland–Lewiston–South Portland, ME CSA
Longview–Kelso, WA MSA 113,982 110,730 +2.94% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Owensboro, KY MSA 113,583 112,464 +0.99%
Sandusky, OH MSA 113,533 115,986 −2.11% Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA
Weirton–Steubenville, WV-OH MSA 113,239 116,903 −3.13% Pittsburgh–Weirton–Steubenville, PA-OH-WV CSA
Williamsport, PA MSA 113,236 114,188 −0.83% Williamsport–Lock Haven, PA CSA
Watertown–Fort Drum, NY MSA 113,140 116,721 −3.07%
Muncie, IN MSA 112,951 111,903 +0.94% Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Michigan City–La Porte, IN MSA 111,348 112,417 −0.95% Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Beckley, WV MSA 110,979 115,079 −3.56%
Sebring, FL MSA 109,778 101,235 +8.44%
Pinehurst–Southern Pines, NC MSA 108,417 99,727 +8.71% Fayetteville–Lumberton–Pinehurst, NC CSA
Gettysburg, PA MSA 107,914 103,852 +3.91% Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA
Kankakee, IL MSA 106,410 107,502 −1.02% Chicago–Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA
Ithaca, NY MSA 105,602 105,740 −0.13% Ithaca–Cortland, NY CSA
Mankato, MN MSA 105,193 103,566 +1.57% Mankato–New Ulm, MN CSA
Sumter, SC MSA 104,776 105,556 −0.74% Columbia–Sumter–Orangeburg, SC CSA
Fond du Lac, WI MSA 104,269 104,154 +0.11%
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA 104,184 104,362 −0.17%
Gadsden, AL MSA 103,207 103,436 −0.22%
Bay City, MI MSA 102,651 103,856 −1.16% Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Paducah, KY-IL MSA 102,395 103,486 −1.05% Paducah–Mayfield, KY-IL CSA
Cheyenne, WY MSA 101,783 100,512 +1.26%
Rome, GA MSA 101,390 98,584 +2.85% Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA
Lima, OH MSA 100,866 102,206 −1.31% Lima–Van Wert–Celina, OH CSA
Decatur, IL MSA 100,737 103,998 −3.14%
Hot Springs, AR MSA 99,902 100,180 −0.28% Hot Springs–Malvern, AR CSA
Dubuque, IA MSA 99,242 99,266 −0.02%
Victoria, TX MSA 99,170 98,331 +0.85% Victoria–Port Lavaca, TX CSA
Corvallis, OR MSA 98,899 95,184 +3.90% Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA 98,862 97,517 +1.38% Cape Girardeau–Sikeston, MO-IL CSA
Helena, MT MSA 96,735 89,832 +7.68%
Fairbanks–College, AK MSA 94,951 95,655 −0.74%
Pocatello, ID MSA 91,010 87,018 +4.59%
Hinesville, GA MSA 89,046 81,424 +9.36% Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro, GA CSA
Grants Pass, OR MSA 88,276 88,090 +0.21% Medford–Grants Pass, OR CSA
Parkersburg–Vienna, WV MSA 87,681 89,490 −2.02% Parkersburg–Marietta–Vienna, WV-OH CSA
Columbus, IN MSA 84,741 82,208 +3.08% Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Great Falls, MT MSA 84,523 84,414 +0.13%
Kokomo, IN MSA 84,082 83,658 +0.51% Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA
Midland, MI MSA 84,022 83,494 +0.63% Saginaw–Midland–Bay City, MI CSA
Elmira, NY MSA 81,115 84,148 −3.60% Elmira–Corning, NY CSA
Casper, WY MSA 80,410 79,955 +0.57%
Grand Island, NE MSA 77,278 77,038 +0.31%
Minot, ND MSA 75,938 77,546 −2.07%
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA 65,370 64,375 +1.55%
Walla Walla, WA MSA 62,068 62,584 −0.82% Kennewick–Richland-Walla Walla, WA CSA
Enid, OK MSA 62,007 62,846 −1.34%
Eagle Pass, TX MSA 58,829 57,887 +1.63%
Carson City, NV MSA 58,148 58,639 −0.84% Reno–Carson City–Gardnerville Ranchos, NV-CA CSA

Puerto Rico

This sortable table lists the six metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) of Puerto Rico including:

  1. The MSA rank by population as of July 1, 2024, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau[16]
  2. The MSA name as designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget[6]
  3. The MSA population as of July 1, 2024, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau[16]
  4. The MSA population as of April 1, 2020, as enumerated by the 2020 United States census[16][a]
  5. The percent MSA population change from April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2024[16]
  6. The combined statistical area (CSA)[b] if the MSA is a component[17]
The six metropolitan statistical areas of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Rank Metropolitan statistical area 2024 estimate 2020 census[a] Change Encompassing combined statistical area
1 San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas, PR MSA 2,035,484 2,081,265 −2.20% San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area
2 Ponce, PR MSA 265,039 278,477 −4.83% Ponce–Coamo, PR Combined Statistical Area
3 Aguadilla, PR MSA 250,969 253,768 −1.10% Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area
4 Mayagüez, PR MSA 207,205 213,831 −3.10% Mayagüez–Aguadilla, PR Combined Statistical Area
5 Arecibo, PR MSA 180,071 182,705 −1.44% San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area
6 Guayama, PR MSA 64,546 68,442 −5.69% San Juan–Bayamón, PR Combined Statistical Area

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d Populations retroactively adjusted to account for new MSA delineations as redefined in 2023. This number reflects what the 2020 Census would have shown the population to be had the current delineated boundaries been in effect at the time of the 2020 Census.
  2. ^ a b The U.S.Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines a CSA (CSA) as an aggregate of adjacent core-based statistical areas that are linked by commuting ties.

References

  1. ^ "Metropolitan Areas". US Census Bureau. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
  2. ^ "Glossary". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  3. ^ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. pp. 459. ISBN 9780415252256.
  4. ^ Cox, Wendell (August 1, 2014). "Urban Cores, Core Cities and Principal Cities". newgeography.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
  5. ^ Nussle, Jim (November 20, 2008). "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Executive Office of the President (July 21, 2023). "Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF) (Press release). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2023. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
  7. ^ Census Geographic Glossary Archived September 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Census Bureau
  8. ^ a b c "2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas". Federal Register. National Archives and Records Administration. July 16, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
  9. ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
  10. ^ "Glossary". US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 11, 2025.
  11. ^ "Recommendations From the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Standards Review Committee to the Office of Management and Budget Concerning Changes to the 2010 Standards for Delineating Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas". Federal Register. January 19, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  12. ^ The White House (July 13, 2021). "Office of Management and Budget Announces 2020 Standards for Delineating Core Based Statistical Areas" (Press release). Archived from the original on July 16, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  13. ^ a b c d Gardner, Todd (February 2021). Changes in Metropolitan Area Definition, 1910–2010 (PDF). Center for Economic Studies (Report). United States Census Bureau. pp. 5–6, 12. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  14. ^ a b "History: Metropolitan Areas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  15. ^ "Census Makes a 'Metropolis'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. December 28, 1980. p. E2.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals: 2020-2024". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 13, 2025. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
  17. ^ a b "OMB Bulletin No. 20-01: Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, and Combined Statistical Areas, and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas" (PDF). United States Office of Management and Budget. March 6, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved April 24, 2020.
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