1589

August 1: King Henry III of France is assassinated by friar Jacques Clément
1589 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1589
MDLXXXIX
Ab urbe condita2342
Armenian calendar1038
ԹՎ ՌԼԸ
Assyrian calendar6339
Balinese saka calendar1510–1511
Bengali calendar995–996
Berber calendar2539
English Regnal year31 Eliz. 1 – 32 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2133
Burmese calendar951
Byzantine calendar7097–7098
Chinese calendar戊子年 (Earth Rat)
4286 or 4079
    — to —
己丑年 (Earth Ox)
4287 or 4080
Coptic calendar1305–1306
Discordian calendar2755
Ethiopian calendar1581–1582
Hebrew calendar5349–5350
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1645–1646
 - Shaka Samvat1510–1511
 - Kali Yuga4689–4690
Holocene calendar11589
Igbo calendar589–590
Iranian calendar967–968
Islamic calendar997–998
Japanese calendarTenshō 17
(天正１７年)
Javanese calendar1509–1510
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3922
Minguo calendar323 before ROC
民前323年
Nanakshahi calendar121
Thai solar calendar2131–2132
Tibetan calendarས་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་
(male Earth-Rat)
1715 or 1334 or 562
    — to —
ས་མོ་གླང་ལོ་
(female Earth-Ox)
1716 or 1335 or 563

1589 (MDLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1589th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 589th year of the 2nd millennium, the 89th year of the 16th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1589, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

September 15–September 18: Battle of Arques

January–March

  • January 5 – The reign of Catherine de' Medici as Countess of Auvergne ends after 64 years and she is succeeded by her grandson, Charles de Valois.
  • January 7 – The College of Sorbonne votes a resolution that it is just and necessary to depose King Henry III of France, and that any private citizen is morally free to commit regicide.[1]
  • January 17 – The French city of Chartres closes its gates to King Henry III and subsequently recognizes 65-year-old Charles I, Cardinal de Bourbon as King Charles X.
  • January 26 – Job of Moscow is elected as the first Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia.
  • February 6 – King Philip of Portugal issues an order to the Viceroy in Portuguese India (Goa) for the arrest of explorer João da Gama, but da Gama continues toward Mexico without being aware of the order.
  • February 26 – Valkendorfs Kollegium is founded in Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • March 6
    • Ralph Fitch becomes the first known person from England to set foot on the island of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and stays five days.[2]
    • The Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier is set up as the third of the five admiralties in the Dutch Republic.
  • March 8 – England prohibits the construction of a cottage on any property that isn't at least four acres in size, with the passage of the Erection of Cottages Act 1588.[3]
  • March 9 – The Treaty of Bytom and Będzin is signed between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Austria, ending the War of the Polish Succession. Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, renounces his claims to the thrones of Poland and Lithuania and acknowledges Sigismund III Vasa of Sweden as the heir to the throne.[4]

April–June

  • April 13 – An English Armada, led by Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Norreys, and largely financed by private investors, sets sail to attack the Iberian Peninsula's Atlantic coast,[5] but fails to achieve any naval advantage.
  • May 2 – Girolamo Bargagli's play The Pilgrim Woman is given its first performance, premiering in Florence, three years after Bargagli's death.[6]
  • May 4 – In Spain, María Pita leads the defense of La Coruña against the English Armada after her husband is killed by a crossbow."[7]
  • May 11 – The Earl of Bothwell, accused of treason against the Crown of Scotland, surrenders along with the Earl of Huntly and is imprisoned at Holyrood Palace. Convicted on May 24, the conspirators are never sentenced and set free by King James VI.
  • May 17 – Ercole Grimaldi becomes the new Lord of Monaco upon the death of his older brother Charles II.
  • June 28 – On the island of Sumatra in what is now Indonesia, the Sultan of Aceh Darussalam, Ali Ri'ayat Syah II, is assassinated by a group of nobles dissatisfied with his rule. He becomes the fourth Sultan in a row to be murdered.[8] Sayyid al-Mukammal is approved by the nobles as the new Sultan of Aceh.[9]

July–September

  • July 1 – The English Armada, commanded by Sir Francis Drake, returns to Portsmouth after almost three months of pillaging the Spanish kingdoms. [10]
  • July 4 – Jeremias II Tranos is appointed as the Patriarch of Constantinople, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church, by Ottoman Sultan Murad III.[11]
  • July 8 – Jan Zamoyski, the Hetman of Poland since 1581, establishes the largest family trust in the Kingdom. The Zamoyski family trust will last for more than 350 years until being abolished in 1944.
  • July 17 – (Tensho 17, 5th day of 6th month); The Battle of Suriagehara takes place in Japan between the Date and Katakura clans and the Ashina, Satake and Nikaido clans. Date Masamune leads the two clans to victory over Satake Yoshinobu.[12]
  • July 23 – Abbas the Great, who has recently become the Safavid Emperor of Persia, arranges the assassination of his benefactor, the Viceroy Murshid Qoli Khan at a banquet. [13]
  • August 1 – King Henry III of France is assassinated by a fanatical Dominican friar Jacques Clément, who approaches the King on the pretext of delivering a secret message. Henry tells his guards to stand aside, and Clément approaches and fatally stabs the King. Clément is subsequently killed by the guards. King Henry dies the next day.[14]
  • August 2 – Following the death of Henry III of France, his army is thrown into confusion and an attempt to retake Paris is abandoned. Henry of Navarre succeeds to the throne as King Henry IV of France, but is not recognized by the Catholic League, who acclaim the imprisoned Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, as the rightful King of France, Charles X.
  • August 20 – King James VI of Scotland, the future James I of England, contracts a proxy marriage with the 14-year-old Anne of Denmark at Kronborg.[15] The formal ceremony takes place on November 23 at the Old Bishop's Palace in Oslo.
  • September 21 – Battle of Arques: King Henry IV of France's forces defeat those of the Catholic League, under Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne (younger brother of Henry I, Duke of Guise).

October–December

  • October 22 – King James VI of Scotland sails to Norway to meet his bride, Anne of Denmark as part of a fleet of six Scottish Navy ships, and is accompanied by Lord Maitland of Thirlestane, the Lord Chancellor of Scotland.[16]
  • October 26 – Japanese warlord Date Masamune and his forces capture the Sukagawa Castle, defended by his aunt Onamihime Nikaido, after her assistant Hodohara Yukifuji betrays her.
  • October 31 – Alleged serial killer and accused werewolf Peter Stumpp 'the Werewolf of Bedburg' is tortured and executed.
  • November 1 – Henry IV of France is repulsed in an attempt to capture Paris from the Catholic League.
  • November 21 – At Oslo, Patrick Vans, Lord Barnbarroch ratifies the marriage contract between King James VI of Scotland, and Anne of Denmark.
  • December 10 – In India, Man Singh I becomes the new raja of the Kingdom of Amber (now part of the Rajasthan state) upon the death of his father, Bhagwant Das.[17]
  • December 25 (Christmas Day) – The monks of the Pechenga Monastery, the northernmost in the world, are massacred by Swedes, led by a Finnish peasant chief, in the course of the Russo-Swedish War.

Date unknown

  • San Luigi dei Francesi, Rome, is completed by Domenico Fontana.
  • Hiroshima is founded, by the Japanese warlord Mōri Terumoto.
  • The Hofbräuhaus is founded, by William V, Duke of Bavaria, in Munich.

Births

Henry Vane the Elder
Robert Arnauld d'Andilly
Gabriel Báthory

January–June

  • January 8 – Ivan Gundulić, Croatian poet (d. 1638)
  • January 11 – William Strode, English politician (d. 1666)
  • January 28 – Francisco Ximénez de Urrea, Spanish historian (d. 1647)
  • February 5
    • Honorat de Bueil, seigneur de Racan (d. 1670)
    • Esteban Manuel de Villegas, Spanish poet (d. 1669)
  • February 7 – Jacob de Witt, Mayor of Dordrecht (d. 1674)
  • February 8 – Peter Melander Graf von Holzappel, Protestant military leader in the Thirty Years' War (d. 1648)
  • February 18
    • Henry Vane the Elder, English politician (d. 1655)
    • Maarten Gerritsz Vries, Dutch explorer (d. 1646)
  • March 1 – Thomas Middleton, English politician (d. 1662)
  • March 3 – Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (d. 1676)[18]
  • March 18 – Richard Sackville, 3rd Earl of Dorset, English noble (d. 1624)
  • April 16 – Nicolaes le Febure, Dutch Golden Age member of the Haarlem schutterij (d. 1641)
  • April 17 – Martin Zeiler, German author (d. 1661)
  • April 18 – John, Duke of Östergötland, Swedish prince (d. 1618)
  • April 20 – John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, son of John I (d. 1652)
  • April 28 – Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal (d. 1655)
  • May 12 – François L’Anglois, French artist (d. 1647)
  • May 28 – Robert Arnauld d'Andilly, French writer (d. 1674)
  • June 9 – John of St. Thomas, Portuguese philosopher (d. 1644)
  • June 16 – Albrycht Władysław Radziwiłł, Polish prince (d. 1636)
  • June 20 – Giambattista Altieri, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1654)

July–December

  • July 2 – Richard Pepys, English politician (d. 1659)
  • July 3 – Johann Georg Wirsung, German anatomist (d. 1643)
  • July 15 – Cornelis Bol, Flemish painter and etcher (d. 1666)
  • July 16 – Sinibaldo Scorza, Italian painter (d. 1631)
  • August 1 – Alexandrine von Taxis, German Imperial General Post Master (d. 1666)
  • August 8 – Framlingham Gawdy, English politician (d. 1654)
  • August 12
    • Domenico Fiasella, Italian painter (d. 1669)
    • Ulrich, Duke of Pomerania, Bishop of Cammin (d. 1622)
  • August 15 – Gabriel Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1613)
  • September 1 – Giovanni Pesaro, Doge of Venice (d. 1659)
  • September 7 – August of Saxony, German prince (d. 1615)
  • September 17 – Agostinho Barbosa, Portuguese bishop in Italy and writer on canon law (d. 1649)
  • October 7 – Maria Magdalena of Austria (d. 1631)
  • October 8 – Pedro de Villagómez Vivanco, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Lima, then Bishop of Arequipa (d. 1671)
  • October 24 – Giuseppe Marcinò, Italian priest, member of the Order of Friars Minor - or Capuchins (d. 1655)
  • October 25 – Jan Stanisław Sapieha, Grand Hetman of Lithuania (d. 1635)
  • October 31 – Muhammad Parviz, Mughal emperor (d. 1626)
  • December 21 – Otto, Count of Lippe-Brake (1621–1657) (d. 1657)

Date unknown

Deaths

Philothei
Alessandro Farnese
Saint Benedict the Moor
Henry III of France

Date unknown

  • Pietro de' Mariscalchi, Italian painter (b. 1520)
  • Charles Dançay, French diplomat (b. 1510)
  • (after September 25) – John Stubbs, English seditious pamphleteer, in France (b. 1543)

References

  1. ^ Robert J. Knecht, The French Wars of Religion 1559–1598 (Routledge, 1996) p.72
  2. ^ "Visions of an Island: Real and unreal", by Richard Boyle, The Sunday Times (Colombo, Sri Lanka), March 6, 2011
  3. ^ L.F.C. Harrison, The Common People, a History from the Norman Conquest to the Present (Fontana, 1989)
  4. ^ Sławomir Leśniewski, Jan Zamoyski – Hetman i Polityk (Bellona, 2008) p.117
  5. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 230–233. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  6. ^ Martin Banham, The Cambridge Guide to Theatre (Cambridge University Press, 1989)
  7. ^ "María Pita: Heroína Coruñesa Célebre pola Defensa da Cidade fronte os Ingleses"
  8. ^ Dagh-Register 1673 (Martinus Nijhoff, 1901) p.162
  9. ^ Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch Indië (Nijhoff & Brill, 1917) p.74
  10. ^ Anthony Wingfield, A True Coppie of a Discourse Written by a Gentleman Employed in the Late Voyage of Spaine and Portingale (Thomas Woodcock, 1589) p.58
  11. ^ L. Petit, "Jérémie II Tranos", in Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique (Letouzey et Ané, 1924) pp. 886–894
  12. ^ Stephen Turnbull, The Samurai Sourcebook (Cassell & Company, 1998) p.241
  13. ^ Andrew J. Newman, Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire (I.B. Tauris, 2006) p.50
  14. ^ Rosanne M. Baars, Rumours of Revolt: Civil War and the Emergence of a Transnational News Culture in France and the Netherlands, 1561–1598 (Brill, 2021) pp.186-187
  15. ^ Henry Constable (1960). Poems. Liverpool University Press. p. 234.
  16. ^ Miles Kerr-Peterson and Michael Pearce, "James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts", Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI (Woodbridge, 2020) pp.93-94
  17. ^ Jadunath Sarkar, A History of Jaipur (Orient Longman, 1984) pp.74-85
  18. ^ Augustiniana. Augustijns Historisch Instituut. 1991. p. 998. ISBN 978-90-6186-367-0.
  19. ^ R. J. Knecht (11 September 2014). The French Wars of Religion 1559-1598. Routledge. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-317-86231-4.
  20. ^ Nicola Mary Sutherland (2002). Henry IV of France and the Politics of Religion. Intellect Books. p. 497. ISBN 978-1-84150-846-7.
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