1612

November 30: Battle of Swally
1612 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1612
MDCXII
Ab urbe condita2365
Armenian calendar1061
ԹՎ ՌԿԱ
Assyrian calendar6362
Balinese saka calendar1533–1534
Bengali calendar1018–1019
Berber calendar2562
English Regnal year9 Ja. 1 – 10 Ja. 1
Buddhist calendar2156
Burmese calendar974
Byzantine calendar7120–7121
Chinese calendar辛亥年 (Metal Pig)
4309 or 4102
    — to —
壬子年 (Water Rat)
4310 or 4103
Coptic calendar1328–1329
Discordian calendar2778
Ethiopian calendar1604–1605
Hebrew calendar5372–5373
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1668–1669
 - Shaka Samvat1533–1534
 - Kali Yuga4712–4713
Holocene calendar11612
Igbo calendar612–613
Iranian calendar990–991
Islamic calendar1020–1021
Japanese calendarKeichō 17
(慶長１７年)
Javanese calendar1532–1533
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3945
Minguo calendar300 before ROC
民前300年
Nanakshahi calendar144
Thai solar calendar2154–2155
Tibetan calendarལྕགས་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་
(female Iron-Boar)
1738 or 1357 or 585
    — to —
ཆུ་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་
(male Water-Rat)
1739 or 1358 or 586

1612 (MDCXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1612th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 612th year of the 2nd millennium, the 12th year of the 17th century, and the 3rd year of the 1610s decade. As of the start of 1612, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

  • January 6 – Axel Oxenstierna becomes Lord High Chancellor of Sweden. He persuades the Riksdag of the Estates to grant the Swedish nobility the right and privilege to hold all higher offices of government.
  • January 10 – Gustavus Adolphus replies to Metropolitan Isidor, Odoevskij and the estates of Novgorod, stating that he himself wishes to assume responsibility for the government of Novgorod and also of all Russians. A number of land grants signed the same day show that the Swedish king has assumed the title of Tsar.[1]
  • January 20
  • February 11 – Battle of Vittsjö: King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and 3,000 of his troops are forced to retreat from Denmark. The 17-year old king almost drowns while attempting to ride his horse across a frozen lake, but is rescued by two other members of his cavalry. The horse is lost.
  • March 2 – The False Dmitry III, one of three pretenders to the Russian throne who all claim to be sons of Ivan the Terrible, is recognized as Tsar of Russia by the Cossacks.
  • March 12 – At Daulambapur, near Kamalganj in what is now the Sylhet Division in Bangladesh, a battle takes place between 4,500 troops led by General Islam Khan I of India's Mughal Empire, and 12,000 defenders led by the Afghan warlord Khwaja Usman. The Mughals are almost defeated until Usman is struck in the eye by an arrow fired from a crossbow.

April–June

  • April 10 – In England, 12 persons who become known as the Pendle witches allegedly hold a coven at the Malkin Tower in Lancashire on Good Friday, after which 10 people die mysteriously.[3] All but two of the accused witches are tried for causing harm by witchcraft on August 18.
  • April 11 – In Lichfield, Edward Wightman, a radical Anabaptist, becomes the last person to be burned at the stake in England as punishment for heresy.[2]
  • May 10 – Prince Khurram, the 20-year-old son of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, marries 19-year-old Arjumand Banu Begum at a ceremony in Delhi. In 1628, Khurram becomes the Emperor Shah Jahan with Arjumand Begum as his chief consort Mumtaz Mahal. Arjumand dies in 1631 and Khurram later commissions and builds the Taj Mahal in her memory.[4]
  • May 25 – A Sicilian–Spanish galley fleet defeats the Tunisians at La Goulette after a battle.
  • June 13 – Archduke Matthias of Austria is formally elected as the new Holy Roman Emperor.[2]
  • June 26 – The coronation of Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor takes place at the Frankfurt Cathedral.

July–September

  • July 4 – (8th waxing of Waso 974 ME) In what is now Myanmar, Min Khamaung becomes the new King of Arakan upon the death of his father, King Min Razagyi.
  • July 22 – Four women and one man are hanged following the Northamptonshire witch trials in England.
  • July 24 – Marcantonio Memmo is elected as the Doge of the Republic of Venice on the first ballot of the Venetian council, winning 38 of the 41 votes. Memmo succeeds the late Doge Leonardo Donato, who died on July 16.
  • August 20 – Ten Pendle witches are hanged, having been found guilty of practising witchcraft in Lancashire in England.
  • August 26 – Battle of Kringen: A Scottish mercenary force is destroyed in Norway.
  • September 1 – Battle of Moscow (1612): Led by General Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, a relief force from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, whose troops had been occupying Moscow for two years, make an unsuccessful attempt to break the Russian siege of the Kremlin, where General Mikolaj Strus and his troops are trapped. Both the Russians (led by Dmitry Pozharsky) and the Commonwealth troops suffer at least 1,000 deaths, but the Russians prevail. General Chodkiewicz tries a second attack the next day and fails.
  • September 2 (August 23 O.S.) – The Lutheran Duchy of Prussia, a fiefdom within Poland, becomes the first Protestant government to follow the Roman Catholic nations in adopting the Gregorian calendar.
  • September 5 – England's East India Company gets its first warships and establishes the "'Honourable East India Company's Marine'" to protect its freighters. The force develops over the centuries into the Royal Indian Navy and, after India's independence in 1947, the Indian Navy.
  • September 22 – Retreating Polish and Lithuanian troops burn the Russian city of Vologda in reprisal for their defeat at Moscow.

October–December

  • October 27 – Forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which had been occupying Moscow for more than two years, surrender unconditionally to Russian militia forces and are allowed to leave after the Kremlin is liberated by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky and Prince Kuzma Minin. [5]
  • November 20 – The Treaty of Nasuh Pasha is signed, between the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and the Safavid Empire (Iran), with the Ottomans ceding back land they had captured from the Safavids after 1555, in return for Safavid payment of 200 loads of silk.[6]
  • November 30 – Battle of Swally: Forces of the British East India Company and Portugal engage off the coast of India, resulting in an English victory.[7]
  • December 15 – Simon Marius becomes the first person on Earth to observe the Andromeda Galaxy through a telescope.
  • December 28 – Galileo Galilei becomes the first astronomer to observe the planet Neptune when in conjunction with Jupiter. He mistakenly catalogues it as a fixed star, because of its extremely slow motion along the ecliptic. Neptune will not be truly recognized as a planet until 1846, about 234 years later, when Johann Gottfried Galle first sights it in the Berlin Observatory.

Date unknown

  • The Nagoya Castle is completed in Japan.
  • The Okamoto Daihachi incident in Japan.
  • Thomas Shelton's English translation of the first half of Don Quixote is published. It is the first translation of the Spanish novel into any language.


Births

Thomas Killigrew
Pier Francesco Mola
Joannes Meyssens
Margherita de' Medici
Frans Post

January–March

  • January 17 – Thomas Fairfax, English Civil War general (d. 1671)[8]
  • January 21 – Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz, Stadtholder of Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe (d. 1640)
  • January 22 – Daniel Zwicker, German physician (d. 1678)
  • January 23 – George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare, Irish earl (d. 1660)
  • February 1 – William West, English politician (d. 1670)
  • February 2 – Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth, English baron and politician (d. 1665)
  • February 4 – Arthur Spry, English politician (d. 1685)
  • February 5 – Crown Prince Sohyeon, Korean crown prince (d. 1645)
  • February 6 – Antoine Arnauld, French theologian (d. 1694)
  • February 7 – Thomas Killigrew, English dramatist and theatre manager (d. 1683)[9]
  • February 9 – Pier Francesco Mola, Italian painter of the High Baroque (d. 1666)
  • February 15 – Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, French military officer, founder of Montreal in New France (d. 1676)
  • February 20 – Richard Olmsted, Connecticut settler (d. 1687)
  • February 21 – Lorenzo Imperiali, Italian cardinal (d. 1673)
  • February 22 (bapt.) – George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol, English statesman (d. 1677)
  • March 20 – Anne Bradstreet, née Dudley, English-born American Puritan poet (d. 1672)

April–June

  • April 6 – James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond (d. 1655)
  • April 10 – Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1693)
  • April 12 – Simone Cantarini, Italian painter and engraver (d. 1648)
  • April 28 – Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1622 to 1646 (d. 1646)
  • May 6 – François-Joseph Bressani, Italian missionary (d. 1672)
  • May 10 – Francesco Palliola, Italian Servant of God (d. 1648)
  • May 12 – Laurence Womock, English Bishop of St David's (d. 1687)
  • May 17
    • Matthew Babington, English politician (d. 1669)
    • Joannes Meyssens, Flemish painter (d. 1670)
  • May 26 – Raja Wodeyar II, King of Mysore (d. 1638)
  • May 31 – Margherita de' Medici, Italian noble (d. 1679)
  • June 1 – Frans Post, Dutch painter (d. 1680)
  • June 23 – André Tacquet, Brabantian mathematician, Jesuit priest (d. 1660)
  • June 25 – John Albert Vasa, Polish bishop (d. 1634)
  • June 29 – Sir William Bowyer, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1679)

July–September

October–December

Deaths

Leonard Holliday
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
Anne Catherine of Brandenburg
Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp
John Salusbury

January–March

April–June

  • April 5 – Diana Scultori, Italian engraver
  • April 8 – Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (b. 1575)
  • April 11
    • Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian (b. 1535)[12]
    • Edward Wightman, English Baptist preacher (burned at the stake) (b. 1580)
  • April 19 – Anne d'Escars de Givry, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1546)
  • April 21 – David van Goorle, theologian and theoretical scientist (b. 1591)
  • May – False Dmitry III, pretender to the Russian throne (secretly executed)[13]
  • May 19 – Gregorio Petrocchini, Italian Cardinal Bishop, Conclave member, Cardinal protector of the Augustines (b. 1535)
  • May 24 – Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, English statesman and spymaster (b. 1563)
  • May 31 – Willem Isaacsz Swanenburg, Dutch engraver (b. 1580)
  • June 5 – Arima Harunobu, Japanese daimyō (b. 1567)
  • June 8 – Hans Leo Hassler, German composer (b. 1562)
  • June 21 – Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (b. 1561)
  • June 26 – Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland, eldest surviving son of John Manners (b. 1576)

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

  • Federico Barocci, Italian painter (b. c. 1535)
  • Isabel Barreto, Spanish admiral (b. 1567)

References

  1. ^ Löfstrand, Elisabeth; Nordquist, Laila (2005). Accounts of an occupied city : catalogue of the Novgorod Occupation Archives 1611-1617 (PDF) (1st ed.). Stockholm: National Archives of Sweden. p. 41. ISBN 9188366677.
  2. ^ a b c Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 244. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  3. ^ "The Lancashire Witches in Historical Context", by James Sharpe, in The Lancashire Witches: Histories and Stories, ed. by Robert Poole, (Manchester University Press, 2002) p.2
  4. ^ Soma Mukherjee (2001). Royal Mughal Ladies and Their Contributions. Gyan Books. p. 52. ISBN 978-81-212-0760-7.
  5. ^ Chester Dunning, A Short History of Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004) pp. 296–297
  6. ^ "Ahmed I", Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
  7. ^ Manekshah Sorabshah Commissariat (1980). A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural Monuments and Inscriptions. Longmans, Green & Company, Limited. p. 192.
  8. ^ Geoffrey Ridsdill Smith; Margaret Toynbee; Peter Young (1977). Leaders of the Civil Wars, 1642-1648. Roundwood Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-900093-56-2.
  9. ^ Christopher Baker (2002). Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600-1720: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-313-30827-7.
  10. ^ "Rudolf II | Holy Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  11. ^ Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information. Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited. p. 320.
  12. ^ Walpole Society (Great Britain) (1980). The ... Volume of the Walpole Society. Walpole Society. p. 205.
  13. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc (1998). The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-85229-633-2.
  14. ^ Edmund Gosse (January 28, 2019). The Life and Letters of John Donne, Vol I: Dean of St. Paul's. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 312. ISBN 978-1-5326-7810-3.
  15. ^ Keith Busby (1993). Les Manuscrits de Chrétien de Troyes. Rodopi. p. 98. ISBN 90-5183-603-1.
  16. ^ Benito V. Rivera (1980). German Music Theory in the Early 17th Century: The Treatises of Johannes Lippius. UMI Research Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8357-1074-9.
  17. ^ Harvard Theological Studies. Scholars Press. 1995. p. 865. ISBN 978-0-8006-7085-6.
  18. ^ Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800. Gale Research Company. 2004. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7876-6968-3.
  19. ^ Robert L. Martensen; James a Knight Chair in Humanities and Ethics in Medicine and Professor of Surgery Robert L Martensen (April 8, 2004). The Brain Takes Shape: An Early History. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-19-515172-5.
  20. ^ Jason Scott-Warren (2001). Sir John Harington and the Book as Gift. Oxford University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-19-924445-4.
  21. ^ Ludwig Burchard; Roger Adolf d' Hulst (1963). Rubens Drawings. Arcade Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-8390-9043-4. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
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