1820

February 23: The Cato Street Conspiracy to assassinate British Prime Minister and his government is thwarted in London.
1820 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1820
MDCCCXX
Ab urbe condita2573
Armenian calendar1269
ԹՎ ՌՄԿԹ
Assyrian calendar6570
Balinese saka calendar1741–1742
Bengali calendar1226–1227
Berber calendar2770
British Regnal year60 Geo. 3 – 1 Geo. 4
Buddhist calendar2364
Burmese calendar1182
Byzantine calendar7328–7329
Chinese calendar己卯年 (Earth Rabbit)
4517 or 4310
    — to —
庚辰年 (Metal Dragon)
4518 or 4311
Coptic calendar1536–1537
Discordian calendar2986
Ethiopian calendar1812–1813
Hebrew calendar5580–5581
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1876–1877
 - Shaka Samvat1741–1742
 - Kali Yuga4920–4921
Holocene calendar11820
Igbo calendar820–821
Iranian calendar1198–1199
Islamic calendar1235–1236
Japanese calendarBunsei 3
(文政３年)
Javanese calendar1747–1748
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4153
Minguo calendar92 before ROC
民前92年
Nanakshahi calendar352
Thai solar calendar2362–2363
Tibetan calendarས་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་
(female Earth-Hare)
1946 or 1565 or 793
    — to —
ལྕགས་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་
(male Iron-Dragon)
1947 or 1566 or 794
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1820.
February 6: The Capture of Valdivia is made in Chile.

1820 (MDCCCXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1820th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 820th year of the 2nd millennium, the 20th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1820, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

April–June

  • April 1 – A proclamation, signed "By order of the Committee of Organisation for forming a Provisional Government", begins the "Radical War" in Scotland.
  • April 8 – The statue of the Venus de Milo (Aphrodite of Milos, c. 150 BC-125 BC) is discovered on the Greek island of Milos, by a peasant named Yorgos Kentrotas.[8]
  • April 12 – Alexander Ypsilantis becomes the leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
  • April 15 – King William I of Württemberg marries his cousin, Pauline Therese, in Stuttgart.
  • April – Hans Christian Ørsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
  • May 1 – The last judicial decapitation in the United Kingdom is meted out to the principals in the Cato Street conspirators after their public hanging for treason in London. Legally, the post-hanging beheading is a mitigation of the last sentence in Britain of "hanging, drawing and quartering".[9]
  • May 11 – HMS Beagle, the ship that will later take young Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage to examine the "origin of the species", is launched at Woolwich Dockyard.
  • May 20 – At age 14, John Stuart Mill sets out on his formative trip to the south of France, staying with Samuel Bentham.
  • June 5 – Caroline of Brunswick, the estranged wife of King George IV of the United Kingdom, returns to England after six years abroad in Italy, where she has been carrying on an affair. Since ascending the throne in January, the King had sought to receive his government's approval for a divorce.[10]
  • June 12
    • Élie Decazes, leader of the opposition in France's Chamber of Deputies, introduces the "Law of the Double Vote", a proposal to add to the existing legislators by creating 172 seats that would be "selected by special electoral colleges" made up of the wealthiest 25% of voters in each of France's departments.[11]
    • Delegates in St. Louis in the Missouri Territory approve a proposed state constitution, proclaiming that they "do mutually agree to form and establish a free and independent republic, by the name of 'The State of Missouri'."[12]
  • June 29 – The cause of action that will lead to the U.S. Supreme Court case known as The Antelope arises, when a U.S. Treasury cutter captures a ship of the same name, which is transporting 281 Africans who had been captured as slaves, in violation of the U.S. law prohibiting the slave trade.[13]

July–September

Chicago in 1820

October–December

  • October 9 – Guayaquil declares independence from Spain.
  • October 25–November 20 – The Congress of Troppau is convened between the rulers of Russia, Austria and Prussia.[16]
  • November 17 – American seal hunter Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the third known explorer to sight Antarctica. The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.[17]
  • November 20 – After the sinking of the American whaleship Essex of Nantucket, by a sperm whale in the southern Pacific Ocean, the survivors are left afloat in three small whaleboats. They eventually resort, by common consent, to cannibalism to allow some to survive.
  • December 3 – James Monroe is re-elected, virtually unopposed, in the 1820 United States presidential election. One elector, William Plumer of New Hampshire, casts his vote for John Quincy Adams in order to protest the administration of Monroe and Daniel Tompkins while also establishing Adams as a contender for the election in 1824.[18]

Date unknown

  • Mount Rainier erupts over modern-day Seattle.
  • 18,957 black slaves leave Luanda, Angola.
  • Construction work is completed on the Citadelle Laferrière in Haiti, the largest fortification in the Americas, built on the orders of Henri Christophe to defend the country against potential French reoccupation.[19]
  • Anchor coinage is first struck in silver in London denominated in fractions of the Mauritian dollar for use in British colonies.

Births

January–June

William Sherman
Susan B. Anthony
Herbert Spencer
Florence Nightingale

July–December

Friedrich Engels
  • July 5 – William John Macquorn Rankine, Scottish physicist, engineer (d. 1872)
  • July 22 – Oliver Mowat, Canadian lawyer, politician (d. 1903)
  • July 23 – Julia Gardiner Tyler, First Lady of the United States (d. 1889)
  • July 25 – Henry Doulton, English potter (d. 1897)[35]
  • September 17
    • Émile Augier, French dramatist (d. 1889)[36]
    • Earl van Dorn, American Confederate general (d. 1863)
  • September 20 – John F. Reynolds, American general (d. 1863)
  • September 27 – Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel, German classical scholar (d. 1878)
  • September 29 – Henri, Count of Chambord, claimant to the French throne (d. 1883)[37]
  • October 5 – David Wilber, American politician (d. 1890)
  • October 6 – Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (d. 1887)[38]
  • October 16 – Gillis Bildt, 5th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1894)[39]
  • October 20 – Benjamin F. Cheatham, American Confederate general (d. 1886)
  • November 23
    • Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (d. 1884)
    • Ludwig von Hagn, German painter (d. 1898)[40]
  • November 28 – Friedrich Engels, German social philosopher (d. 1895)[41]
  • December 21 – William H. Osborn, American railroad executive (d. 1894)

Date unknown

  • Song Qing, Chinese general (d. 1902)

Deaths

January–June

King George III

July–December

Jiaqing Emperor

References

  1. ^ Miguel A López-Morell (28 June 2013). The House of Rothschild in Spain, 1812–1941. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-4724-0424-4.
  2. ^ Lorimer, John (1915). Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Bombay: British Government.
  3. ^ a b Jones, A. G. E. (1982). Antarctica Observed: who discovered the Antarctic Continent?. Caedmon of Whitby. ISBN 0-905355-25-3.
  4. ^ William George Lovell (2005). Conquest and Survival in Colonial Guatemala: A Historical Geography of the Cuchumatán Highlands, 1500-1821. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-7735-2741-6.
  5. ^ a b c Alexander Charles Ewald (1868). The Last Century of Universal History: A Reference Book, Containing an Annotated Table of Chronology, Lists of Contemporary Sovereigns, a Dictionary of Battles and Sieges, and Biographical Notes of Eminent In-dividuals. From 1767 to 1867. F. Warne & Company. p. 67.
  6. ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp69
  7. ^ Lefgren, J. C. (October 2002). "Oh, How Lovely Was the Morning: Sun 26 Mar 1820?". Meridian Magazine. (available at http://www.johnpratt.com/items/docs/lds/meridian/2002/vision.html)
  8. ^ School Arts. Davis Publications. 1922. p. 444.
  9. ^ Abbott, Geoffrey (2005) [1994]. Execution: a Guide to the Ultimate Penalty. Chichester: Summersdale Publishers. pp. 161–2. ISBN 978-1-84024-433-5.
  10. ^ Hibbert, Christopher (1999). Wellington: A Personal History. Da Capo Press. p. 220.
  11. ^ Munro Price, The Perilous Crown: France Between Revolutions, 1814-1848 (Pan Macmillan, 2010) p108
  12. ^ "Missouri", in Constitutional Documents of the United States of America 1776-1860, ed. by Horst Dippel (K. G. Saur, 2007) p221
  13. ^ "Antelope Case", by John T. Noonan, Jr., in Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery, (Greenwood, 1997) p66
  14. ^ Drewry, Charles Stewart (1832). "Section III". A Memoir of Suspension Bridges: Comprising The History Of Their Origin And Progress. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman. pp. 37–41. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
  15. ^ Matthew Anthony Fitzsimons; Jean Bécarud (1969). The Catholic Church Today: Western Europe. University of Notre Dame Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-268-00307-4.
  16. ^ Paul W. Schroeder (1 January 1962). Metternich's Diplomacy at its Zenith, 1820-1823: Austria and the Congresses of Troppau, Laibach, and Verona. University of Texas Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-292-75034-0. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  17. ^ Oversight Visit to the Southern Pacific Rim: Report to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1991. p. 11.
  18. ^ Lynn W. Turner, “The Electoral Vote against Monroe in 1820-An American Legend,” The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 42, no. 2 (September 1955): 253-254, https://www.jstor.org/stable/1897643?seq=1.
  19. ^ Wagner, Michele (2002). Haiti. G. Stevens. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-8368-2351-6.
  20. ^ Public Domain Louis Ginzberg (1902). "BEZALEL B. MOSES HA-KOHEN". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 136.
  21. ^ "Anne Brontë | British author". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
  22. ^ Calendar of Spanish Anniversaries. Tardy publishing Company, Incorporated. 1935.
  23. ^ William Tecumseh Sherman (1891). Memoirs of Gen. William T. Sherman: By Himself. To which are Added Chapters Completing His Life and Including His Funeral Obsequies by W. Fletcher Johnson and Carefully Reviewed by Major-General O. O. Howard. D. Appleton. pp. 438–.
  24. ^ United States. Congress (1966). Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 3217.
  25. ^ Frank Moore Colby; Harry Thurston Peck (1902). The International Year Book. Dodd, Mead. p. 646.
  26. ^ The Musical Monitor. Mrs. David Allen Campbell. 1918. p. 620.
  27. ^ Sir John Tenniel. Bradbury, Agnew & Company. 1914. p. 1863.
  28. ^ Multatuli (1982). Max Havelaar, Or, The Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 339. ISBN 9780870233609.
  29. ^ The Statesman's Year-book. Palgrave. 1867. p. 323.
  30. ^ Southeastern Europe: L'Europe Du Sud-Est. Arizona State University. 1974. p. 3.
  31. ^ Daniel Greenleaf Thompson (1889). Herbert Spencer: His Life, Writings, and Philosophy. G.H. Ellis. p. 4.
  32. ^ Edwin Francis Hatfield (1884). The Poets of the Church: A Series of Biographical Sketches of Hymn-writers with Notes on Their Hymns. A. D. F. Randolph. p. 133.
  33. ^ Baly, Monica E.; Matthew, H. C. G. (2004). "Nightingale, Florence (1820–1910), reformer of Army Medical Services and of nursing organization". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35241. ISBN 9780198614128. Retrieved April 17, 2019. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  34. ^ Victor Plarr (1895). Men and Women of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries. G. Routledge and Sons, limited. p. 576.
  35. ^ Clement, Alexander James. "Doulton, Sir Henry (1820–1897)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7944. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  36. ^ Charles Dudley Warner (1 July 2008). A Library of the World's Best Literature - Ancient and Modern - Vol.XLII (Forty-Five Volumes); Dictionary of Authors (A-J). Cosimo, Inc. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-60520-248-8.
  37. ^ Lucian Edward HENRY (1862). Europe in 1882: out of the shadow. The Royal Family of France. Twelve lectures on current French History. G. Bishop. p. 66.
  38. ^ The Musicians's Year Book. E.P. Dutton. 1895. p. 145.
  39. ^ Wieselgren, Harald (1889). Bilder och minnen (in Swedish). Stockholm: Beijer. pp. 73–78. Retrieved 2007-01-19.
  40. ^ Munich. Schackgalerie (1911). Schack Gallery in Munich: In the Possession of His Majesty the German Emperor, King of Prussia. G. Hirth. p. 69.
  41. ^ V. Ė Kunina (1987). Frederick Engels: His Life and Work : Documents and Photographs. Progress. p. 18. ISBN 9780714725826.
  42. ^ Charles Edwards Lester (1858). The Democratic Age: Statesmanship, Science, Art, Literature, and Progress. Hale, Valentine & Company. p. 204.
  43. ^ United States. Congress (1939). Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 3133.
  44. ^ Edward Edwards (1870). Lives of the Founders of the British Museum (etc.) 1570-1870. Trübner. p. 28.
  45. ^ United States. Office of Inter-American Affairs (1945). Air-Mail Feature and Radio Service. p. 2.
  46. ^ David Mason Greene; Constance Green (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. p. 427. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6.
  47. ^ The History of Pike County, Missouri: An Encyclopedia of Useful Information, and a Compendium of Actual Facts. Mills & Company. 1883. p. 200.
  48. ^ Timmins, Sam (1899). "James Keir, F.R.S., 1735–1820". Transactions (Birmingham and Warwickshire Archaeological Society). 24: 1–4.
  49. ^ August Falkmann (1887). "Pauline" . Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 25. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 275–277.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.