1094

1094 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1094
MXCIV
Ab urbe condita1847
Armenian calendar543
ԹՎ ՇԽԳ
Assyrian calendar5844
Balinese saka calendar1015–1016
Bengali calendar500–501
Berber calendar2044
English Regnal yearWill. 2 – 8 Will. 2
Buddhist calendar1638
Burmese calendar456
Byzantine calendar6602–6603
Chinese calendar癸酉年 (Water Rooster)
3791 or 3584
    — to —
甲戌年 (Wood Dog)
3792 or 3585
Coptic calendar810–811
Discordian calendar2260
Ethiopian calendar1086–1087
Hebrew calendar4854–4855
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1150–1151
 - Shaka Samvat1015–1016
 - Kali Yuga4194–4195
Holocene calendar11094
Igbo calendar94–95
Iranian calendar472–473
Islamic calendar486–487
Japanese calendarKanji 8 / Kahō 1
(嘉保元年)
Javanese calendar998–999
Julian calendar1094
MXCIV
Korean calendar3427
Minguo calendar818 before ROC
民前818年
Nanakshahi calendar−374
Seleucid era1405/1406 AG
Thai solar calendar1636–1637
Tibetan calendarཆུ་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་
(female Water-Bird)
1220 or 839 or 67
    — to —
ཤིང་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་
(male Wood-Dog)
1221 or 840 or 68
Portrait of Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse from 1094

Year 1094 (MXCIV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • Spring – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under General Tatikios to Nicaea, in an attempt to re-capture the city from the Seljuk Turks. However, the arrival of Barkiyaruq's army en route stops the Byzantines. Alexios sends reinforcements; short of supplies, the Seljuk Turks retreat. Abu'l-Qasim, Seljuk governor of Nicaea, is defeated and forced to conclude a truce with Alexios.[1]

Europe

  • MayEl Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar) completes his conquest of Valencia in Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and begins his rule (in the name of King Alfonso VI) there. The Almoravid campaign to regain the city fails.[2]
  • MayJune – Duncan, son of the late King Malcolm III of Scotland, gathers a substantial army, chiefly Anglo-Normans from England, and challenges his uncle Donald III ("the Fair") for the Kingdom of Scotland. Duncan is crowned king at Scone.[3]
  • July 28 – William Bertrand dies, and his margravial title of Provence is inherited by Raymond IV ("Saint-Gilles"), who becomes count of Toulouse (until 1105).
  • November 12 – Donald III mobilizes his army and kills Duncan II in battle in the Scottish Lowlands, re-taking the Scottish throne.[3]

Fatimid Egypt

  • After the death of Caliph al-Mustansir Billah, his son-in-law and vizier Al-Afdal declares al-Musta'li, a younger son of al-Mustansir, in a coup d'état as new Caliph. Al-Mustansir's designated heir, Nizar, flees to Alexandria.

Eastern Islamic world

Gold dinar of al-Muqtadi mint at Baghdad
  • February 3 – Caliph of Baghdad al-Muqtadi dies and is succeeded by his nominated heir Ahmad (al-Mustazhir).
  • October – Seljuk sultan Mahmud I dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Barkiyaruq (one of the Seljuk princes who claim the throne) as ruler of the Seljuk Empire.

By topic

Religion

  • May 15 – The Cathedral of St. Agatha in Catania (Sicily) is consecrated by the Breton abbot Ansger.
  • October 8 – Doge Vitale Faliero consecrates the new Basilica of San Marco in Venice.
  • King Ladislaus I of Hungary founds a diocese (alongside the bishop's see) in Zagreb.
  • Al-Musta'li becomes the nineteenth imam of Musta'li Ismailism

Births

  • January 14 – Eudokia Komnene, Byzantine princess (d. 1129)
  • Abd al-Mu'min, Almohad caliph (approximate date)
  • Ibn Zuhr (or Avenzoar), Moorish physician (d. 1162)
  • Malachy, Irish archbishop and saint (d. 1148)
  • Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester (d. 1120)
  • Yelü Dashi, founder of the Qara Khitai (d. 1143)

Deaths

  • January 10 – Al-Mustansir Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1029)
  • February 3
    • Al-Muqtadi, Abbasid caliph (b. 1056)
    • Teishi, Japanese empress (b. 1013)
  • June 2 – Nicholas the Pilgrim, Italian shepherd (b. 1075)
  • June 4 – Sancho V, king of Aragon and Pamplona
  • July 28 – William Bertrand, margrave of Provence
  • October 14
    • Bertha of Holland, French queen consort
    • Fujiwara no Nobunaga, Japanese nobleman (b. 1022)
  • October – Mahmud I, sultan of the Seljuk Empire
  • November 12 – Duncan II, king of Scotland
  • Abu Ali Fana-Khusrau, Buyid nobleman
  • Al-Bakri, Moorish historian and geographer
  • Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, Seljuk sultan of Aleppo
  • Badr al-Jamali, Fatimid vizier and statesman
  • Isaac Albalia, Andalusian Jewish astronomer (b. 1035)
  • Jonathan I, Italo-Norman count of Carinola
  • Michael of Avranches, Italian bishop
  • Roger de Beaumont, Norman nobleman
  • Roger de Montgomery, Norman nobleman
  • Terken Khatun, Seljuk empress and regent
  • William Fitzeustace, 1st Earl of Gloucester, Norman nobleman
  • Wulfnoth Godwinson, English nobleman

References

  1. ^ Timothy Venning (2015). A Chronology of the Crusades, p. 24. ISBN 978-1-138-80269-8.
  2. ^ Picard C. (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  3. ^ a b Potter, Philip J. (2009). Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers (1016–1399). Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 127–128. ISBN 978-0-7864-4038-2.