October

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2026
Red maple (Acer rubrum) leaf in October (Northern hemisphere).
In recent decades, the number of warm temperature records in October has outpaced cold temperature records over a growing portion of Earth's surface.[1]

October is the 10th month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus c. 750 BC, October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ôctō meaning "eight") after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In Ancient Rome, one of three Mundus patet would take place on October 5, Meditrinalia October 11, Augustalia on October 12, October Horse on October 15, and Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the Anglo-Saxons, it was known as Winterfylleth (Ƿinterfylleþ), because at this full moon, winter was supposed to begin.[2]

October is commonly associated with the season of autumn in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and spring in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to April in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa.

Symbols

The calendula
An opal armband. Opal is the birthstone for October.
An opal armband. Opal is the birthstone for October.
Cut tourmaline
Cut tourmaline

October's birthstones are the tourmaline and opal.[3] Its birth flower is the calendula.[4] The zodiac signs are Libra (until October 22) and Scorpio (from October 23 onward).[5][6]

Observances

This list does not necessarily imply either official status or general observance.

Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary, whose devotion and Feast are celebrated in October

Non-Gregorian: 2026 dates

(All Baha'i, Islamic, and Jewish observances begin at the sundown prior to the date listed, and end at sundown of the date in question unless otherwise noted.)

  • List of observances set by the Bahá'í calendar
  • List of observances set by the Chinese calendar
  • List of observances set by the Hebrew calendar
  • List of observances set by the Islamic calendar
  • List of observances set by the Solar Hijri calendar

Month-long

United States

The last two to three weeks in October (and, occasionally, the first week of November) are normally the only time of the year during which all of the "Big Four" major professional sports leagues in the U.S. and Canada schedule games; the National Basketball Association begins its preseason and about two weeks later starts the regular season, the National Hockey League is in the first month of its regular season, the National Football League is about halfway through its regular season, and Major League Baseball is in its postseason with the League Championship Series and World Series. Days on which all four leagues play are colloquially known as a sports equinox.[19]

  • American Archives Month[20]
  • National Adopt a Shelter Dog Month[21]
  • National Arts & Humanities Month
  • National Bullying Prevention Month
  • National Cyber Security Awareness Month[22]
  • National Domestic Violence Awareness Month
  • Filipino American History Month
  • Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month
  • Polish American Heritage Month
  • National Work and Family Month
United States, culinary

Movable dates

  • Oktoberfest celebrations (varies globally based on area)
  • Astronomy Day: October 1
  • World Cerebral Palsy Day: October 6
  • World College Radio Day: October 7
  • Earth Science Week: October 9–15
  • See also Movable Western Christian observances
  • See also Movable Eastern Christian observances

First Sunday

First Monday

First Tuesday

First Wednesday

First Thursday

  • National Poetry Day (UK, Ireland)

First Friday

First full week

Second Sunday

Second Monday

Second Tuesday

  • Ada Lovelace Day

Second Wednesday

  • Policy Statement of Belgian Parliament (Belgium)

Wednesday of second full week in October

Second Thursday

  • World Sight Day

Second Friday

Second Saturday

Week of October 10

Second Week of October

Third Sunday

Third Monday

Third Thursday

  • International Credit Union Day

Third Saturday

Fourth Monday

Fourth Wednesday

Fourth Friday

  • Global Champagne Day

Fourth Saturday

Week of Fourth Wednesday

Last Monday

Last Friday

  • National Bandanna Day (Australia)
  • Nevada Day (Nevada, United States) (though the state was actually admitted on October 31, 1864)
  • Teacher's Day (Australia) (If the last Friday is on October 31, this holiday is moved to November 7)

Last Sunday

Fixed

October, from the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
A shop in Derry decorated for Halloween
Halloween pumpkins
  • October 1
    • Armed Forces Day (South Korea)
    • Children's Day (El Salvador, Guatemala, Sri Lanka)
    • Day of Prosecutors (Azerbaijan)
    • Continuance of German-American Heritage Months, which runs from September 15 – October 15[40] (United States)
    • Continuance of National Hispanic Heritage Month which runs from September 15 – October 15 (United States),
    • Ground Forces Day (Russia)
    • Independence Day (Cyprus)
    • Independence Day (Nigeria)
    • Independence Day (Palau)
    • Independence Day (Tuvalu)
    • International Coffee Day
    • International Day of Older Persons
    • International Music Day
    • Lincolnshire Day (United Kingdom)
    • National Day of the People's Republic of China (People's Republic of China)
    • Pancasila Sanctity Day (Indonesia)
    • Teacher's Day (Uzbekistan)
    • Unification Day (Cameroon)
    • World Vegetarian Day
  • October 2
  • October 3
  • October 4
    • Feast of Saint Francis of Assisi
    • Cinnamon Roll Day (Sweden)
    • Day of Peace and Reconciliation (Mozambique)
    • Independence Day (Lesotho)
    • World Animal Day
    • The beginning of World Space Week (October 4–10)
  • October 5
    • Armed Forces Day (Indonesia)
    • Constitution Day (Vanuatu)
    • Engineer's Day (Bolivia)
    • International Day of No Prostitution
    • Republic Day (Portugal)
    • Teachers' Day (Pakistan)
    • Teachers' Day (Russia)
    • World Teachers' Day
  • October 6
  • October 7
    • Our Lady of the Rosary
    • International Trigeminal Neuralgia Awareness Day
    • Teachers' Day (Laos)
  • October 8
  • October 9
    • Hangul Day (South Korea)
    • Independence Day (Uganda)
    • Independence of Guayaquil (Ecuador)
    • Leif Erikson Day (United States, Iceland and Norway)
    • National Day of Commemorating the Holocaust (Romania)
    • Takayama Autumn Festival (Takayama, Japan)
    • World Post Day
    • Valencian Community Day (Spain)
  • October 10
    • Arbor Day (Poland)
    • Capital Liberation Day (Vietnam)
    • Double Ten Day (Taiwan)
    • Fiji Day (Fiji)
    • Finnish Literature Day (Finland)
    • Independence Day (Cuba)
    • Party Foundation Day (North Korea)
    • World Mental Health Day
  • October 11
    • General Pulaski Memorial Day (United States)
    • International Day of the Girl Child
    • International Newspaper Carrier Day
    • National Coming Out Day (multinational, including United States, United Kingdom and Switzerland among others)
    • Old Michaelmas Day (Celtic)
    • Revolution Day (North Macedonia)
  • October 12
    • Children's Day (Brazil)
    • Discovery of America by Columbus-related observances (see also October 8):
      • Columbus Day (United States, Honduras)
      • Día de la Hispanidad or Fiesta Nacional de España, also Armed Forces Day (Spain)
      • Día de la Raza (El Salvador, Uruguay)
      • Día de la Resistencia Indígena, "Day of Indigenous Resistance" (Venezuela)
      • Día de las Américas (Belize)
      • Día de las Culturas, "Day of the Cultures" (Costa Rica)
      • Día del Respeto a la Diversidad Cultural, "Day of respect for cultural diversity" (Argentina)
    • Discovery Day (The Bahamas, Colombia)
    • Feast for Life of Aleister Crowley, celebrated as "Crowleymas" (Thelema)
    • Fiesta Nacional de España (Spain)
    • Freethought Day
    • Independence Day (Equatorial Guinea), celebrates the independence of Equatorial Guinea from Spain in 1968.
    • UN Spanish Language Day (United Nations)
  • October 13
    • Azerbaijani Railway Day (Azerbaijan)
    • Doi taikomatsuri October 13–15 (Shikokuchūō, Ehime, Japan)
    • International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
    • National Police Day (Thailand)
    • Paramedics' Day (Poland)
    • Rwagasore Day (Burundi)
  • October 14
    • World Standards Day
  • October 15
    • Breast Health Day (Europe)
    • Evacuation Day (Tunisia)
    • Global Handwashing Day
    • King Father's Commemoration Day (Cambodia)
    • National Latino AIDS Awareness Day (United States)
    • Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day (United States and Canada)
    • Spirit Day (International observance)
    • Teachers' Day (Brazil)
    • White Cane Safety Day (United States)
  • October 16
    • World Food Day
    • Pope John Paul II Day (Poland)
    • World Anaesthesia Day
  • October 17
    • Dessalines Day (Haiti)
    • International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
    • Loyalty Day (Argentina)
  • October 18
  • October 19
  • October 20
    • Arbor Day (Czech Republic)
    • Heroes' Day (Kenya)
    • Revolution Day (Guatemala)
    • Vietnamese Women's Day (Vietnam)
    • World Osteoporosis Day
    • World Statistics Day
  • October 21
    • Apple Day (United Kingdom)
    • Armed Forces Day (Honduras)
    • Egyptian Naval Day (Egypt)
    • Indian Police Commemoration Day (India)
    • International Day of the Nacho
    • National Nurses' Day (Thailand)
    • Ndadaye Day (Burundi)
    • Overseas Chinese Day (Taiwan)
    • Trafalgar Day (the British Empire in the 19th and early 20th century)
  • October 22
  • October 23
    • Aviator's Day (Brazil)
    • Chulalongkorn Day (Thailand)
    • Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle (North Macedonia)
    • Liberation Day (Libya)
    • Mole Day (International observance)
    • National Day (Hungary)
    • Paris Peace Agreement Day (Cambodia)
  • October 24
    • Azad Kashmir Day (Pakistan)
    • Day of Special Forces of the Armed Forces (Russia)
    • Food Day (United States)
    • Independence Day (Zambia)
    • Suez Day (Egypt)
    • United Nations Day (International observance)
    • World Development Information Day
    • World Polio Day
  • October 25
    • Armed Forces Day (Romania)
    • Constitution Day (Lithuania)
    • Customs Officer's Day (Russia)
    • Day of the Basque Country (Basque Country)
    • Retrocession Day (Taiwan)
    • Sovereignty Day (Slovenia)
    • Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)
    • The Hallowing of Nestorius (Nestorian Christianity)
  • October 26
    • Accession Day (Jammu and Kashmir)
    • Angam Day (Nauru)
    • Armed Forces Day (Benin)
    • Intersex Awareness Day (International observance)
    • National Day (Austria)
  • October 27
    • Black Cat Appreciation Day (United Kingdom)
    • Černová Tragedy Day (Slovakia)
    • Flag Day (Greece)
    • Independence Day (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
    • Navy Day (United States) (unofficial, official date is October 13)
    • World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
  • October 28
    • Day of the Establishment of an Independent Czecho-Slovak State (Czech Republic and Slovakia)
    • International Animation Day
    • Ohi Day (Greece, Cyprus)
    • Prefectural Earthquake Disaster Prevention Day (Gifu Prefecture, Japan)
    • Youth Pledge Day (Indonesia)
  • October 29
    • Coronation Day (Cambodia)
    • Cyrus the Great Day (Iran)
    • National Cat Day (United States)
    • Republic Day (Turkey)
    • World Stroke Day
  • October 30
    • Anniversary of the Declaration of the Slovak Nation (Slovakia)
    • Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repressions (former Soviet republics, except Ukraine)
    • Indonesian Banknote Day (Indonesia)
    • International Orthopaedic Nurses Day
    • Mischief Night (United States and Canada)
      • Beggars Night (certain regions of the United States)
      • Devil's Night (Michigan, United States)
    • Thevar Jayanthi (Thevar community, India)
  • October 31

Miscellaneous

  • Eric Whitacre composed a piece based on this month, titled October.
  • Neil Gaiman wrote a story personifying the month, titled "October in the Chair", for his 2006 collection Fragile Things.
  • Ray Bradbury published a collection of short stories titled The October Country in 1955.
  • The song October doth before us go celebrates the progression of spring (from the perspective of the Southern Hemisphere).[41][42]

References

  1. ^ "Mean Monthly Temperature Records Across the Globe". National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Link is an example for one month; for other months, change the "202501" in the preceding URL to yyyymm, where yyyy is the four-digit year and mm is the two-digit month (01=January through 12=December)
  2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "October" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  3. ^ "Gemstone Leaflet" (PDF). Jewelers of America. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-22. Retrieved Jan 22, 2012.
  4. ^ SHG Resources. "Birth Months, Flowers, and Gemstones". SHG Resources. Archived from the original on 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  5. ^ The Earth passes the junction of the signs at 22:59 UT/GMT October 22, 2020, and will pass it again at 04:51 UT/GMT October 23, 2021.
  6. ^ "Astrology Calendar", yourzodiacsign. Signs in UT/GMT for 1950–2030.
  7. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Special Devotions For Months". Newadvent.org. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
  8. ^ "Health Literacy Month – Finding the Right Words for Better Health". www.healthliteracymonth.org. Archived from the original on 2021-06-22. Retrieved 2016-10-06.
  9. ^ "SDMS Medical Ultrasound Awareness Month". www.sdms.org.
  10. ^ "Home - Rettsyndrome.org". www.rettsyndrome.org. Archived from the original on 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2016-10-07.
  11. ^ [1] Archived February 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Hultin G. Why Celebrate Vegetarian Awareness Month? Food & Nutrition, October 7, 2014, Accessed November 14, 2018". 13 October 2021. Archived from the original on July 16, 2023. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  13. ^ "Vegetarian Awareness Month: Celebrating Meatless Mindfulness, Oldways website, September 28, 2017, Accessed November 14, 2018". 28 September 2017.
  14. ^ "World Vegetarian Day, October 1. North American Vegetarian Society (the North American WVD sponsor explains that "World Vegetarian Day [on] October 1st is the annual kick-off of Vegetarian Awareness Month", accessed November 14, 2018".
  15. ^ "Palmer S. World Vegetarian Awareness Month. Vegan Outreach website, October 2, 2017, Accessed November 14, 2018". 3 October 2017.
  16. ^ "October is National Vegetarian Awareness Month. Fix.com. October 1, 2014, Accessed November 14, 2018". October 2014.
  17. ^ "Celebrate Vegetarian Awareness Month. Fruits & Veggies: More Matters. Monday, October 14, 2013, at 4:00 am. Accessed November 14, 2018".
  18. ^ "Gerber J. 9 Easy Wasys to Celebrate Vegetarian Awareness Month. Care2. October 1, 2012. Accessed November 14, 2018". Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  19. ^ "Yahoo Sports AM: Happy Sports Equinox!". Yahoo Sports. 2024-10-28. Retrieved 2024-10-28.
  20. ^ "American Archives Month". National Archives. 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
  21. ^ "October is Adopt a Shelter Dog Month". ASPCA. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  22. ^ "About NCSAM". www.staysafeonline.info. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
  23. ^ "American Pharmacists Month 2011". Pharmacist.com. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  24. ^ "Little People of the World".
  25. ^ "Little People of America". Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-09-30.
  26. ^ "Eczema Awareness Month – National Eczema Association". National Eczema Association. Archived from the original on 2015-05-20. Retrieved 2015-05-19.
  27. ^ "ADHA – October is National Dental Hygiene Month". Adha.org. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  28. ^ "Healthy Lung Month – Lung problems". 5 October 2012.
  29. ^ "Observing Infertility Awareness Month". Library.adoption.com. Archived from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  30. ^ "Liver Awareness Month". www.liverfoundation.org. 4 August 2017. Archived from the original on 29 September 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  31. ^ [2] Archived November 21, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ APTA | National Physical Therapy Month Archived January 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ "Spina Bifida Association – Spina Bifida Association". Sbaa.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  34. ^ "October is SIDS Awareness Month". www.nichd.nih.gov. 20 October 2014.
  35. ^ "National Pizza Month". Pizza.com. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
  36. ^ "Popcorn Poppin' Month". Popcorn.org. Archived from the original on 2012-08-01. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
  37. ^ "October is National Pork Month". ThePigSite. 2007-10-02.
  38. ^ "NOAA Fisheries Celebrates National Seafood Month". NOAA.gov. 2017-10-01. Retrieved 2017-10-09.
  39. ^ Szoó, Attila (26 October 2020). ""Brussels should pay attention to the Szeklers" – Day of Szekler Autonomy". Transylvania Now.
  40. ^ "Diversity – UMUC". www.umuc.edu. Archived from the original on 2016-09-19. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  41. ^ "October doth before us go (feat. Leisha Stevens)". YouTube. 31 October 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  42. ^ "October doth before us go (feat. Leisha Stevens)". Amazon. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
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