1239

1239 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1239
MCCXXXIX
Ab urbe condita1992
Armenian calendar688
ԹՎ ՈՁԸ
Assyrian calendar5989
Balinese saka calendar1160–1161
Bengali calendar645–646
Berber calendar2189
English Regnal year23 Hen. 3 – 24 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar1783
Burmese calendar601
Byzantine calendar6747–6748
Chinese calendar戊戌年 (Earth Dog)
3936 or 3729
    — to —
己亥年 (Earth Pig)
3937 or 3730
Coptic calendar955–956
Discordian calendar2405
Ethiopian calendar1231–1232
Hebrew calendar4999–5000
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1295–1296
 - Shaka Samvat1160–1161
 - Kali Yuga4339–4340
Holocene calendar11239
Igbo calendar239–240
Iranian calendar617–618
Islamic calendar636–637
Japanese calendarRyakunin 2 / En'ō 1
(延応元年)
Javanese calendar1148–1149
Julian calendar1239
MCCXXXIX
Korean calendar3572
Minguo calendar673 before ROC
民前673年
Nanakshahi calendar−229
Thai solar calendar1781–1782
Tibetan calendarས་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་
(male Earth-Dog)
1365 or 984 or 212
    — to —
ས་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་
(female Earth-Boar)
1366 or 985 or 213
The Crusader States around 1240–41
Amaury VI de Montfort (1192–1241)

Year 1239 (MCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

England

Levant

  • September 1 – Barons' Crusade: A Crusader force (some 1,500 knights) under King Theobald I of Navarre arrives at Acre. At a council of local barons – most prominently Walter of Brienne, Odo of Montbéliard, Balian of Beirut, John of Arsuf, and Balian of Sidon – plans are made to prepare an expedition against the Ayyubids in Egypt. Later, Theobald is joined by some Crusaders from Cyprus.[2]
  • November 2 – An expeditionary force (some 4,000 knights) under Theobald I sets out from Acre for the Egyptian frontier, detachments from the military orders and several local barons accompany the Crusaders. While marching to Jaffa, a Crusader column led by Peter of Brittany and his lieutenant Raoul de Soissons with two hundred knights, lays an ambush and attacks a rich Muslim caravan.[3]
  • November 12 – Sultan as-Salih Ayyub sends an Ayyubid army to Gaza to protect the Egyptian border. At nightfall, Henry of Bar, jealous of the successful ambush of Peter of Brittany, decides to march out towards Gaza with a Crusader force (some 500 knights and 1,000 soldiers). Although warned by Theobald I, Henry sets up camp in a flat terrain surrounded by sand dunes near Gaza.[4]
  • November 13 – Battle of Gaza: The Crusader army led by Henry of Bar is defeated by the Egyptians near Gaza. More than a thousand men are slaughtered, including Henry himself. Six hundred more are captured and carried off to Egypt. Among them are Amaury VI de Montfort and Philippe de Nanteuil – who, in the dungeons of Cairo, writes a Crusade song about the failure of the expedition.[5]
  • December 7 – Ayyubid forces under An-Nasir Dawud march on Jerusalem, which is largely undefended. The garrison of the city surrenders to Dawud, after accepting his offer for a safe-conduct to Acre. Dawud destroys Jerusalem's fortifications, including the Tower of David. Meanwhile, Theobald I (losing many men underway) moves with the remnants of the Crusader army northward to Acre.[6]

Mongol Empire

  • The Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus': The Mongols under Batu Khan continue their campaign across the Pontic Steppe. After devastating the Crimea and campaigning against the Circassians in the Caucasus, they turn towards the Kievan Rus'. In March, Pereyaslavl, capital of the Principality of Pereyaslavl, is sacked by the Mongols.
  • October 18 – Sack of Chernigov: The Mongols led by Batu Khan attack Chernigov; the garrison rallies outside the walls to face the Mongols in a pitched battle. Prince Mstislav III Glebovich comes to help with his troops but they are slaughtered by Mongol catapults. The city is pillaged as are the towns in the surrounding countryside.

By topic

Religion

Births

Deaths

  • February 3 – Kujō Ninshi, Japanese empress consort (b. 1173)
  • February – Aimery III of Narbonne (or Aimeric), French nobleman
  • March 3 – Vladimir IV Rurikovich, Kievan Grand Prince (b. 1187)
  • March 20 – Hermann von Salza, German Grand Master (b. 1165)
  • March 28 – Go-Toba (Toba II), emperor of Japan (b. 1180)
  • April 7 – William I de Cantilupe, Norman nobleman (b. 1159)
  • June 5 – Władysław Odonic ("the Spitter"), Polish nobleman
  • August – Thomas of Capua, Italian prelate, cardinal and diplomat
  • September 21 – Simon, Count of Ponthieu, French nobleman
  • November 1 – Robert of Esztergom, Hungarian prelate[8]
  • November 13 – Henry II, Count of Bar, French nobleman (b. 1190)
  • December 13 – Albert IV, Count of Habsburg ("the Wise"), German nobleman
  • December 21
    • Henry de Turberville, English nobleman and knight
    • Richard Wilton, English scholastic philosopher
  • Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, Andalusian pharmacist (b. 1166)
  • Ibn al-Khabbaza, Moroccan historian, poet and writer
  • Ibn al-Mustawfi, Ayyubid governor and historian (b. 1169)
  • Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi, Arab cuisine writer
  • Robert, Lord of Champignelles (de Courtenay), French nobleman, knight and Crusader (b. 1168)

References

  1. ^ de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 96. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
  2. ^ Painter, Sidney (1969). The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241, p. 472. Robert Lee Wolff; Harry W. Hazard (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311, pp. 463–86. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  3. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 179. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  4. ^ Lower, Michael (2005). The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences, pp. 168–71. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3873-7.
  5. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 180. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  6. ^ Lower, Michael (2005). The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences, p. 171. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3873-7.
  7. ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 139. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  8. ^ Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. p. 348. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.