1571

October 7: Battle of Lepanto
1571 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1571
MDLXXI
Ab urbe condita2324
Armenian calendar1020
ԹՎ ՌԻ
Assyrian calendar6321
Balinese saka calendar1492–1493
Bengali calendar977–978
Berber calendar2521
English Regnal year13 Eliz. 1 – 14 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar2115
Burmese calendar933
Byzantine calendar7079–7080
Chinese calendar庚午年 (Metal Horse)
4268 or 4061
    — to —
辛未年 (Metal Goat)
4269 or 4062
Coptic calendar1287–1288
Discordian calendar2737
Ethiopian calendar1563–1564
Hebrew calendar5331–5332
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1627–1628
 - Shaka Samvat1492–1493
 - Kali Yuga4671–4672
Holocene calendar11571
Igbo calendar571–572
Iranian calendar949–950
Islamic calendar978–979
Japanese calendarGenki 2
(元亀２年)
Javanese calendar1490–1491
Julian calendar1571
MDLXXI
Korean calendar3904
Minguo calendar341 before ROC
民前341年
Nanakshahi calendar103
Thai solar calendar2113–2114
Tibetan calendarལྕགས་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་
(male Iron-Horse)
1697 or 1316 or 544
    — to —
ལྕགས་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་
(female Iron-Sheep)
1698 or 1317 or 545

Year 1571 (MDLXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

  • April 2
    • The 3rd Parliament of Elizabeth I, with 438 members, assembles in England at Westminster after being summoned on February 17.
    • Dumbarton Castle is recaptured from Lord Fleming by the forces of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, the Regent for King James VI of Scotland.
  • April 12 – The Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England is foiled by the capture of Ridolfi's messenger, Charles Baillie.
  • April 17 – Pope John XIV of Alexandria begins a 15-year reign as leader of the Coptic Christian Church.
  • April 21
    • In China, General Altan Khan is granted authority to rule the western provinces by the Ming dynasty Emperor Longqing in return for his payment of a tribute.
    • In the German Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, the serfs are emancipated by John, Count of Palatine and Duke of Zweibrucken.
  • May 24 – Moscow is burnt by the Crimean army, under Devlet I Giray.[2]
  • May 25 – The Holy League is established as an alliance of the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Savoy, the Duchy of Urbino, the Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily(under the rule of the Spanish Empire and the Knights of Malta for mutual defense against attacks by the Ottoman Empire on ships in the Mediterranean Sea.[3]
  • May 29 – Queen Elizabeth I of England gives royal assent to laws that had been passed by the 3rd Parliament, including the Bulls from Rome Act 1571 to prevent the publication in England of papal bulls as well as "writings or instruments and other superstitious things from the See of Rome"
  • June 3 – Following the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, the conquest of the Kingdom of Maynila is complete; Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi makes Manila a city, and the capital of the Philippines.
  • June 24 – On the island of Luzon in the Philippines, Miguel López de Legazpi of Spain establishes a Spanish fortress at Manila Bay and, after making a peace pact with the Crown Prince of Luzon, Rajah Sulayman declares Manila to be the administrative capital of the Spanish East Indies.[4]
  • June 25 – Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle, is founded in Lincolnshire, England.
  • June 27 – Jesus College is established "within the City and University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth's foundation" in England, by Welsh cleric and lawyer Hugh Price.[5]

July–September

  • July 14 – In what is now the state of Kerala in India, the Siege of Chaliyam begins as the Zamorin of Kozhikode, Mana Vikrama, sends troops to starve out the Portuguese Empire's Chale fortress.[6][7] The Portuguese defender, Dom Jorge de Castro, is allowed to surrender the fort in November and the Portuguese are allowed to march out of the fort. De Castro is executed by the Portuguese Governor-General after returning to Portuguese controlled Goa.
  • July 25 – St Olave's Grammar School is founded in Tooley Street, London.
  • August 1 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta. Cyprus is established as an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, and the first Turkish colony moves into the island.
  • August 29 – Liliw, Laguna, Philippines is founded by Gat Tayaw, followers and residents as a municipality of Laguna.
  • September 5 – John Erskine, Earl of Mar is selected by the Scottish royal family to be the new Regent of Scotland to rule on behalf of the 5-year-old King James VI.[8] The Earl of Mar replaces Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, the King's grandfather, who was assassinated the day before by supporters of his daughter-in-law the imprisoned Mary, Queen of Scots.
  • September 28 – The House of Commons of England introduces the first pro forma bill, symbolizing its authority over its own affairs.[9]
  • September 30 (12th day of 9th month of Genki) – In Japan, the Siege of Mount Hiei is carried out by Oda Nobunaga at Ōmi Province (now the Shiga Prefecture). After Nobunaga's 30,000 troops overwhelm the monks of the 4,000 warriors of the Sōhei, Nobunaga orders the massacre of more than 1,500 survivors.[10]

October–December

  • October 7 – Battle of Lepanto: Spanish, Venetian, and Papal naval forces, under Don John of Austria, defeat the Ottoman fleet of Müezzinzade Ali Pasha.[11]
  • November 4 – The Mexican Inquisition, for investigation and punishment of heresy against the Roman Catholic Church in the New World, begins with the first session of the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in New Spain.[12]
  • November 16 – Michele Bonelli is sent as the legate a latere by Pope Pius V to work directly with King Charles IX of France. From June 18 until his new assignment, Bonelli had been the legate to the King of Spain and the King of Portugal.
  • November 20 – Clan Gordon defeats Clan Forbes in the Battle of Craibstone, fought near Aberdeen in Scotland. Clan Forbes sustains 300 deaths and 200 men are taken prisoner out of its original contingent of 900, while Clan Gordon suffers 200 deaths of its 800 men.[13]
  • December 24 – Henry XI, Duke of the German Duchy of Liegnitz (now part of Poland), who had increased the Duchy's debts from 80,000 thalers to 700,000 thalers over 11 years, attempts to get the representatives of the Congress of Estates to pledge their own goods and valuables as collateral for refinancing the debt. When the representatives of the different parts of the Duchy refuse, he has them jailed until they agree to pay taxes for 10 percent of the debt owed.

Date unknown

  • Using mercury in the silver extraction process dramatically increases the output of the Potosí mine; thus begins the great silver flow that links the New and Old Worlds.[14]
  • The Swedish Church Ordinance 1571 creates the first complete order of the Protestant Swedish church. The church ordinance also includes a chapter about schooling, in which all children in the cities, regardless of sex, are to be given elementary schooling.[15]
  • Taipalsaari is founded.

Births

Abbas I of Safavid
Johannes Kepler

Deaths

Hans Asper
  • January 3
    • Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1505)
    • Yi Hwang, Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, (b.1502)
  • January 9 – Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (b. 1510)
  • January 13 – John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin (b. 1513)
  • January 19 – Paris Bordone, Venetian painter (b. 1495)
  • February 12 – Nicholas Throckmorton, English diplomat and politician (b. 1515)
  • February 13 – Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (b. 1500)[19]
  • March 6 – Tsukahara Bokuden, Japanese swordsman (b. 1489)
  • March 14 – John Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary (b. 1540)
  • March 21
    • Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (b. 1517)
    • Hans Asper, Swiss painter (b. 1499)
  • April 6 – John Hamilton, Scottish prelate and politician (b. 1511)
  • May 4 – Pierre Viret, Swiss theologian (b. 1511)
  • May 29 – Joachim Mörlin, German Lutheran bishop (b. 1514)
  • June 1 – John Story, English Catholic (martyred) (b. 1504)
  • June 3 – Tarik Sulayman, Filipino chieftain
  • June 7 – Francesco Corteccia, Italian composer (b. 1502)
  • July 6 – Mōri Motonari, Japanese warlord (b. 1497)
  • July 15 – Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1514)
  • July 17 – Georg Fabricius, German poet (b. 1516)[20]
  • August 17 – Marco Antonio Bragadin, Venetian lawyer and military officer (b. 1523)
  • September 4 – Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (b. 1516)
  • September 23 – John Jewel, English Anglican bishop (b. 1522)
  • October 7
    • Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, Danish queen, consort of Christian III of Denmark (b. 1511)
    • Müezzinzade Ali Pasha, Ottoman statesmen and naval officer
  • November 24 – Jan Blahoslav, Czech writer (b. 1523)
  • December 14 – Lorenzo Strozzi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1513)
  • date unknown
    • Titu Cusi, Incan ruler (b. 1529)
    • Anna Vigfúsdóttir á Stóru-Borg, Icelandic landowner
    • Setthathirath, Laotian king of Lan Na and Lan Xang (b. 1534)

References

  1. ^ The Florida Historical Quarterly. Florida Historical Society. 1984. p. 278.
  2. ^ Henri Troyat (December 1988). Ivan the Terrible. Dorset Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-88029-207-8.
  3. ^ Abulafia, David (2012). The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. Penguin Books. p. 451.
  4. ^ Pisano, Nicholas (June 5, 1992), The Spanish Pacification of the Philippines (PDF), Defense Technical Information Center, p. 285, archived (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2020
  5. ^ Hibbert, Christopher, ed. (1988). The Encyclopædia of Oxford. London: Macmillan. p. 198. ISBN 0-333-39917-X.
  6. ^ Monteiro (2011). Portuguese Sea Battles, Volume III. pp. 361–362.
  7. ^ Pereira (1617) (1986). História da Índia, ao Tempo Que a Governou o Vice-Rei D. Luiz de Ataíde. p. 146.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mar, John Erskine, 1st or 6th Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 666.
  9. ^ "The Library of Parliament's research tool for finding information on legislation". Library of Parliament. January 28, 2010. Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
  10. ^ Yasuaki, Kaneyasu (1996). Kōkogaku suiri jō. Narashino City: Daikakusha Co. ISBN 9784924899100.
  11. ^ Islamic Studies. Islamic Research Institute. 1993. p. 451.
  12. ^ John F. Chuchiak IV, The Inquisition in New Spain, 1571–1820: A Documentary History (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012) p.236
  13. ^ "Battle of Craibstone/Battles in Aberdeenshire". mcjazz.f2s.com. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
  14. ^ "Epic World History: Potosí (Silver Mines of Colonial Peru)". epicworldhistory.blogspot.com. 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015. In 1571, after numerous trials, the Spanish perfected the techniques for refining Potosí's silver ore with Huancavelica's mercury, prompting Viceroy Francisco de Toledo to gush that the union of the two mines would create the world's greatest marriage.
  15. ^ Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år, 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013
  16. ^ Raymond Russell (1965). The Harpsichord and Clavichord: An Introductory Study. October House. p. 96.
  17. ^ Gilles Neret. Caravaggio. Taschen. p. 93. ISBN 978-3-8365-3685-1.
  18. ^ Acta universitatis palackianae olomucensis. 1978. p. 61.
  19. ^ Sir John Wyndham Pope-Hennessy (1963). An Introduction to Italian Sculpture. Phaidon Press. p. 70.
  20. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fabricius, Georg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 119. ....where he died on the 17th of July 1571
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