1226

1226 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1226
MCCXXVI
Ab urbe condita1979
Armenian calendar675
ԹՎ ՈՀԵ
Assyrian calendar5976
Balinese saka calendar1147–1148
Bengali calendar632–633
Berber calendar2176
English Regnal year10 Hen. 3 – 11 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar1770
Burmese calendar588
Byzantine calendar6734–6735
Chinese calendar乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
3923 or 3716
    — to —
丙戌年 (Fire Dog)
3924 or 3717
Coptic calendar942–943
Discordian calendar2392
Ethiopian calendar1218–1219
Hebrew calendar4986–4987
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1282–1283
 - Shaka Samvat1147–1148
 - Kali Yuga4326–4327
Holocene calendar11226
Igbo calendar226–227
Iranian calendar604–605
Islamic calendar622–624
Japanese calendarKaroku 2
(嘉禄２年)
Javanese calendar1134–1135
Julian calendar1226
MCCXXVI
Korean calendar3559
Minguo calendar686 before ROC
民前686年
Nanakshahi calendar−242
Thai solar calendar1768–1769
Tibetan calendarཤིང་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་
(female Wood-Bird)
1352 or 971 or 199
    — to —
མེ་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་
(male Fire-Dog)
1353 or 972 or 200
Blanche of Castile (left) and Louis IX of France (ca. 1220–1230)

Year 1226 (MCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January – March

  • January 11 – At Đông Kinh (now Hanoi), Trần Thái Tông begins a 32-year reign as the Vietnamese Emperor of Dai Viet, beginning the Trần dynasty.[1]
  • January 30 –
    • Pope Honorius II approves the "Rule of Saint Albert (written by the late Saint Albert Avoggadro of Vercelli as the guide for the the Carmelites (the Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel) with the papal bull Ut vivendi normam.[2]
    • King Louis VIII of France takes the cross to resume the Albigensian Crusade against the Catharism movement in Languedoc in southern France.[3]
  • February 20 – Pope Honorius II directs the Franciscan Archbishop of Toledo, Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, to lead the Franciscans in converting Moroccan Muslims to Christianity.[4]
  • February 25 – (Karoku 2, 27th day of 1st month) In Japan, 8-year-old Kujō Yoritsune is raised to the status of the Shōgun Fujiwara no Yoritsune of the Kamakura shogunate by the Emperor Go-Horikawa, but the power over the Imperial military remains with the regent Hōjō Yoshitoki.[5]
  • March 4 – Just before dawn, a great conjunction between Saturn and Jupiter is observed from Earth. The conjunction is more significant than other occurrences because the separation of the two planets as visible in the sky of Earth (2.1 arcminutes or 1/30th of one degree of arc) will not be closer again until March 8, 4523 CE[6], and the close conjunction is the most easily visible from Earth until the conjuction of December 21, 2020.[7]
  • March 9 – Khwarazmian Empire forces commanded by the Muslim Sultan Jalal al-Din Mangburni capture Tbilisi, capital of the Kingdom of Georgia.[8] After the capture, the massacre of thousands of its Christian inhabitants begins as residents are given the choice between converting to Islam or being put to death.[9]
  • March 26 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Golden Bull of Rimini, in which he grants Teutonic Knights the right to all of the lands they will get during the mission in Prussia; he also declares himself a senior of the Teutonic Order and Poland, as well as the universal ruler of Christian Europe.[10]

April – June

  • June – King Louis VIII of France ("the Lion") leads a Crusade against the Cathars (Albigensians) and Raymond VII, count of Toulouse. The Crusaders capture the cities of Béziers, Carcassonne, Beaucaire and Marseille. Louis forces Languedoc into submission, and reasserts his authority upon the autonomous municipalities of his estates. Most cities have to accept the authority of Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Provence, but Marseille and Nice rebel.[11]

July – September

  • August 8 – Crusader forces under King Louis VIII of France lay siege to the city of Avignon. After digging trenches facing the city walls – which are connected on both sides of the Rhône with pontoon bridges, an assault is led by Count Guy II, Count of Saint-Pol, but the defenders repulse the attack.[12] After negotiations, the consuls agree to pay an indemnity of 6,000 marks.
  • September 9 – The gates of Avignon are opened and Louis enters the city without violence.[12]
  • September 11 – The Catholic Church practice of eucharistic adoration among lay people formally begins in Avignon, Provence.

October – December

  • October 30 – Trần Thủ Độ, head of the Trần dynasty of Vietnam, forces Lý Huệ Tông, the last emperor of the Lý dynasty, to commit suicide.
  • November 8 – Louis VIII dies of dysentery at Château de Montpensier during his return from the Albigensian Crusade. He is succeeded by his 12-year-old son Louis IX ("the Saint"), who becomes king of France. His mother, Queen Blanche of Castile, rules the kingdom as regent during his minority. She has Louis crowned at Reims Cathedral on November 29, and forces the rebellious southern French nobles to swear allegiance to him.

By place

Europe

  • The Teutonic Knights undertake a new Crusade, attempting to subdue the pagan Prussians, who occupy a part of the Baltic coast. They are invited to Poland by High Duke Konrad I of Masovia, a grandson of Bolesław III Wrymouth. Their task is to defend Masovia against raids of the Prussians. After defeating them, the German knights set up their own state, which they named after the pagan people they have all but annihilated – Prussia.[13]
  • King Sancho II of Portugal ("the Pious") launches an offensive against the Almohad Caliphate during the Reconquista, and takes the city of Elvas.[14]
  • Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson is overthrown as ruler of the Kingdom of the Isles, and is replaced by his half-brother, Olaf the Black.

Mongol Empire

  • Summer – Genghis Khan starts a campaign against the Tanguts, punishing the vassal kingdom of Western Xia (Xi Xia) for not contributing to the Mongol invasions. He assembles a large force (some 100,000 men), and lays siege to Liangzhou, second-largest city in Western Xia, which surrenders without resistance. In the autumn, Genghis crosses the Helan Mountains, and in November he lays siege to Lingwu. Meanwhile, Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia dies and is succeeded by his nephew Mo (or Li Xian).[15]


By topic

Art and culture

  • Brother Robert writes the Old Norse Tristrams saga ok Ísöndar, one of the rare fully surviving versions of the legend of Tristan and Iseult.[16]

Religion

Births

  • April 16 – Mugaku Sogen, Chinese monk and adviser (d. 1286)
  • June 21 – Bolesław V the Chaste, Polish nobleman (d. 1279)
  • November 2 – Isabella de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1264)
  • Amato Ronconi, Italian nobleman, monk and hermit (d. 1292)
  • Angelo da Foligno (or Conti), Italian cleric and priest (d. 1312)
  • Ata-Malik Juvayni, Persian governor and historian (d. 1283)
  • Bai Renfu (or Bai Pu), Chinese poet and playwright (d. 1306)
  • Bar Hebraeus, Syrian scholar, historian and bishop (d. 1286)
  • Blanche of Navarre (or Champagne), duchess of Brittany (d. 1283)
  • Charles I, French nobleman and son of Louis VIII (d. 1285)
  • Dietrich VI, German nobleman and knight (d. 1275)
  • Gertrude of Austria, Austrian noblewoman (d. 1288)
  • Herman VI, Margrave of Baden, German nobleman and knight (d. 1250)
  • Maria of Brabant, Duchess of Bavaria, German noblewoman (d. 1256)
  • Ulrich I, Count of Württemberg ("the Founder"), German nobleman (d. 1265)

Deaths

  • March 7 – William Longespée, English nobleman and knight (b. 1176)
  • May 2 – Amaury I de Craon, French nobleman and knight (b. 1170)
  • May 10 – Beatrice d'Este, Italian Benedictine nun and saint (b. 1192)
  • June 5 – Henry Borwin II, Lord of Mecklenburg (or Burwy), German nobleman (b. 1170)
  • July 2 – Waleran III (or Walram), duke of Limburg (b. 1165)
  • July 11 – Al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (b. 1175)
  • August 8 – Guy II, Count of Saint-Pol, French nobleman and knight
  • September 9 – Rudolf von Güttingen, Swiss abbot and bishop
  • September 16 – Pandulf Verraccio, Italian bishop and politician
  • October 3 – Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan Order[17]
  • October 7 – Louis IV, Count of Chiny ("the Young"), French nobleman (b. 1173)
  • October 22 – Renaud de Forez, French archbishop
  • November 8 – Louis VIII ("the Lion"), king of France (b. 1187)
  • November 15 – Frederick of Isenberg, German nobleman
  • December 18 – Benedict of Sausetun, bishop of Rochester
  • Aed mac Donn Ó Sochlachain, Irish musician and writer
  • Bernart Arnaut d'Armagnac (or Arnaud), French troubadour
  • Eleanor of Aragon, Spanish princess and countess (b. 1182)
  • Falkes de Bréauté, Norman nobleman and High Sheriff
  • Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta, Spanish physician and poet
  • Roger de Montbegon, English nobleman and landowner
  • Shenzong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (b. 1163)
  • William Brewer, English nobleman and High Sheriff
  • Xian Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (b. 1181)

References

  1. ^ Taylor, K. W. (2013). A History of the Vietnamese. Cambridge University Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-521-87586-8.
  2. ^ Michael Ott, "Pope Honorius III", The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 7 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910)
  3. ^ Jean Létanche (1907), Les Vieux Châteaux, Maisons fortes et Ruines féodales du canton d'Yenne en Savoie [Old Castles, Fortified Houses and Feudal Ruins of the Canton of Yenne in Savoy], Le livre d'Histoire-Lorisse, ISBN 9782843738135 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  4. ^ Ibben Fonnesberg-Schmidt (2013). Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain. BRILL. pp. 117–120. ISBN 978-0812203066.
  5. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 240, at Google Books
  6. ^ "Jupiter-Saturn Conjunction Series". sparky.rice.edu.
  7. ^ Helen Sullivan (December 21, 2020). "How to watch the Jupiter and Saturn 'great conjunction' on winter solstice". The Guardian.
  8. ^ Richards, D. S. (2010). The chronicle of Ibn al-Athīr for the crusading period from al-Kāmil fīʼl-taʼrīkh. Ashgate Publishing. p. 269. ISBN 9780754669524.
  9. ^ Machitadze, Archpriest Zakaria (2006), "The Hundred Thousands Martyrs of Tbilisi (†1227)", in The Lives of the Georgian Saints Archived 2008-06-14 at the Wayback Machine. pravoslavie.ru. Retrieved on 2012-11-13.
  10. ^ Czapliński, Marek; Maroń, Jerzy (1997). Historia w datach. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rytm". p. 89. ISBN 83-86678-26-7.
  11. ^ Dell'Umbria, Alèssi (2006). Histoire universelle de Marseille. De l'an mil à l'an deux mille. Marseille: Agone. p. 19. ISBN 2-7489-0061-8.
  12. ^ a b Strayer, Joseph R. (1992). The Albigensian Crusades, pp. 133–134. London, England: Faber. ISBN 0-571-11064-9.
  13. ^ Brezinski, Richard (1998). History of Poland: Old Poland – The Piast Dynasty, pp. 22–23. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
  14. ^ Picard, Christophe (2000). Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  15. ^ Man, John (2004). Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, p. 214. ISBN 978-0-312-36624-7.
  16. ^ Tristan et Iseult. Paris: Gallimard. 1995. ISBN 2-07-011335-3.
  17. ^ "Saint Francis of Assisi | Biography, Facts, Feast Day, Patron Saint Of, & Legacy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
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