1688

November 15: The Glorious Revolution begins as William of Orange, primary Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, leads an invasion of England with 20,000 soldiers and marches towards London.
1688 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1688
MDCLXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita2441
Armenian calendar1137
ԹՎ ՌՃԼԷ
Assyrian calendar6438
Balinese saka calendar1609–1610
Bengali calendar1094–1095
Berber calendar2638
English Regnal year3 Ja. 2 – 1 Will. & Mar.
Buddhist calendar2232
Burmese calendar1050
Byzantine calendar7196–7197
Chinese calendar丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit)
4385 or 4178
    — to —
戊辰年 (Earth Dragon)
4386 or 4179
Coptic calendar1404–1405
Discordian calendar2854
Ethiopian calendar1680–1681
Hebrew calendar5448–5449
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1744–1745
 - Shaka Samvat1609–1610
 - Kali Yuga4788–4789
Holocene calendar11688
Igbo calendar688–689
Iranian calendar1066–1067
Islamic calendar1099–1100
Japanese calendarJōkyō 5 / Genroku 1
(元禄元年)
Javanese calendar1611–1612
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar4021
Minguo calendar224 before ROC
民前224年
Nanakshahi calendar220
Thai solar calendar2230–2231
Tibetan calendarམེ་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་
(female Fire-Hare)
1814 or 1433 or 661
    — to —
ས་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་
(male Earth-Dragon)
1815 or 1434 or 662

1688 (MDCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1688th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 688th year of the 2nd millennium, the 88th year of the 17th century, and the 9th year of the 1680s decade. As of the start of 1688, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

  • January 2 – Fleeing from the Spanish Navy, French pirate Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of Ocotal.[1]
  • January 5 – Pirates Charles Swan and William Dampier and the crew of the privateer Cygnet become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of Australia.[2]
  • January 11 – The Patta Fort and the Avandha Fort, located in what is now India's Maharashtra state near Ahmednagar, are captured from the Maratha clan by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan. The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years.
  • January 17 – Ilona Zrínyi, who has defended the Palanok Castle in Hungary from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685, is forced to surrender to General Antonio Caraffa.
  • January 29 – Madame Jeanne Guyon, French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months.[3]
  • January 30 (January 20, 1687 old style) – King James II of England and Scotland issues a proclamation offering amnesty to pirates in the West Indies who surrender to Sir Robert Holmes.[4]
  • February 7 – Six French Jesuit scientists, Joachim Bouvet, Jean-François Gerbillon, Louis-Daniel Lecomte, Guy Tachard, Claude de Visdelou and the leader, Jean de Fontaney, arrive in Beijing and are welcomed by the Emperor of China, Kangxi.[5]
  • February 17 – James Renwick, the last of the Covenanters in Scotland to be martyred for opposing the authority of King Charles II, is publicly hanged at Grassmarket square in Edinburgh.
  • February 23 – Abaza Siyavuş Pasha, the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, is assassinated by the Janissaries, the Turkish troops who had placed him in power in September, after the new Sultan fails to make payment of an expected bonus.
  • February 28 – The French opera David et Jonathas, composed by Marc-Antoine Charpentier, is performed for the first time.[6]
  • March 1 – A great fire devastates Bungay, England.[7]
  • March – William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island, now a territory of Australia, located south of the island of Java (now part of Indonesia).

April–June

July–September

October–December

  • October 21 – The Venetians raise the siege of Negroponte.[8]: 358 
  • October 26 – King James II of England dismisses his minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.[26]
  • November 11 (November 1 OS) – Glorious Revolution: William III of Orange sets sail a second time from Hellevoetsluis, the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England.[27][28]
  • November 15 (November 5 OS) – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay, England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers.[29] He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on London.
  • November 19 (November 9 OS) – William of Orange captures Exeter, after the magistrates flee the city.[30]
  • November 20 (November 10 OS) – The Wincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led by Patrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.[31]
  • November 23 – A group of 1,500 Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture, when troops of the tsar lay siege to their monastery on Lake Onega.
  • November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England, Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands.[32]
  • December 7 –
    December 7: The shutting of the gates in Derry in a stained glass window of the Guildhall[33]
    The gates of Derry are shut in front of the Jacobite Earl of Antrim and his "redshanks".[34] This initiates the siege of Derry, which is the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland.
  • December 9 – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.
  • December 11 – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II attempts to flee to France.
  • December 18 – William of Orange, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom, enters London.[35]

Date unknown

  • The Austrians incite the Chiprovtsi Uprising against the Ottomans in Bulgaria after the siege of Belgrade.[36]
  • Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town.
  • The earliest known mention of the balalaika is made.[37]
  • Oroonoko, one of the first English novels and the first by a professional female author (Aphra Behn) is published.

Births

Emanuel Swedenborg

Deaths

Ferdinand Verbiest
James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond

References

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