1809

February 11: Robert Fulton receives patent for inventing the steamboat after creating the Clermont.
1809 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1809
MDCCCIX
Ab urbe condita2562
Armenian calendar1258
ԹՎ ՌՄԾԸ
Assyrian calendar6559
Balinese saka calendar1730–1731
Bengali calendar1215–1216
Berber calendar2759
British Regnal year49 Geo. 3 – 50 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar2353
Burmese calendar1171
Byzantine calendar7317–7318
Chinese calendar戊辰年 (Earth Dragon)
4506 or 4299
    — to —
己巳年 (Earth Snake)
4507 or 4300
Coptic calendar1525–1526
Discordian calendar2975
Ethiopian calendar1801–1802
Hebrew calendar5569–5570
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1865–1866
 - Shaka Samvat1730–1731
 - Kali Yuga4909–4910
Holocene calendar11809
Igbo calendar809–810
Iranian calendar1187–1188
Islamic calendar1223–1224
Japanese calendarBunka 6
(文化６年)
Javanese calendar1735–1736
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4142
Minguo calendar103 before ROC
民前103年
Nanakshahi calendar341
Thai solar calendar2351–2352
Tibetan calendarས་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་
(male Earth-Dragon)
1935 or 1554 or 782
    — to —
ས་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་
(female Earth-Snake)
1936 or 1555 or 783
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1809.
January 16: Battle of Corunna

1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1809th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 809th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1809, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

January 16 Sir John Moore is killed at the Battle of Corunna.
  • January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded.
  • January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean Lannes begins the Siege of Zaragoza.
  • January 14 – The Apodaca–Canning treaty is signed in London between Britain and Spain
  • January 16 – Peninsular War – Battle of Corunna in Galicia (Spain): The British (under General Sir John Moore, who is killed) resist an attempt by the French (under Marshal Soult) to prevent them embarking.
  • February 3 – The Illinois Territory is created from the western part of the Indiana Territory.
  • February 11 – Robert Fulton patents the steamboat in the United States.[1][2]
  • February 17 – Miami University (Ohio) is established (by Act of February 2) on the township of land required to be set aside for it, under the conditions of the Miami Purchase in 1794.
  • February 20
    • United States v. Peters: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual state.
    • The Siege of Zaragoza ends as Jose Palafox surrenders. Over 60,000 have been killed, during the 60 day siege.
  • February 25 – Battle of Valls: Spanish forces are defeated in Catalonia by Marshal Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr.
  • February 27 – Action of 27 February 1809: Captain Bernard Dubourdieu captures HMS Proserpine.
  • March 1 – The Embargo Act of 1807 is repealed in the United States; the Non-Intercourse Act replaces it.
  • March 13 – A military coup ousts Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden; he is confined in Gripsholm Castle.
  • March 28 – Battle of Medellín at Extremadura: Massive casualties are suffered, in a rout by French cavalry, under Marshal Victor.
  • March 29
    • At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four Estates pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia, commencing the secession of the future Grand Duchy of Finland from Sweden. The Emperor, in return, promises to retain and uphold former laws and privileges, as well as the dominant Lutheran religion. His pledge is later interpreted by the Finns as a confirmation of constitutional laws, which had, effectively, established Finland as a separate state in real union with Russia.
    • King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden abdicates after the Coup of 1809 and is later exiled.
    • Peninsular War – First Battle of Porto: 8,000 Portuguese soldiers are killed in a rout after defeat by the French under Marshal Soult. Thousands of fleeing civilians drown when a pontoon bridge collapses.

April–June

  • April 9 – Tiroleans rise, under the command of Andreas Hofer, against French and Bavarian occupation.
  • April 10 – Napoleonic Wars – The War of the Fifth Coalition begins when forces of the Austrian Empire invade Bavaria.
  • April 11–15 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of the Basque Roads: The British Royal Navy defeats the French fleet in the mouth of the Charente, although officers on both sides face subsequent courts-martial.
  • April 18 – The 2,000 Guineas Stakes horse race is first run in England.[3]
  • April 19 – War of the Fifth Coalition:
    • Battle of Raszyn: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the Duchy of Warsaw.
    • Battle of Teugen-Hausen: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by the French and their Bavarian allies.
  • April 20 – Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria: Napoleon defeats Austria.
  • April 21 – Battle of Landshut: Napoleon defeats Austria, in yet another battle.
  • April 22 – Battle of Eckmühl: French troops under Napoleon I and Marshal Davout defeat the Austrians, under Archduke Charles.
  • April 23 – Battle of Ratisbon: Napoleon I fights his last battle during the Bavarian phase of the War of the Fifth Coalition
  • May 3 – The Battle of Nimla occurs, which allows Mahmud Shah Durrani to seize the Durrani throne from his brother, Shah Shuja Durrani.
    • Battle of Ebelsberg: André Masséna defeats Austrian General Johann von Hiller, forcing him to retreat.
  • May 5
  • May 10 – Gustav IV Adolf is officially deposed from the Swedish throne, by the Riksdag of the Estates.
  • May 10–11 – Peninsular War – Battle of Grijó: the Anglo-Portuguese Army, commanded by Sir Arthur Wellesley, defeats the French army, commanded by Marshal Soult, in Portugal.
  • May 12 – Peninsular War – Second Battle of Porto: The Anglo-Portuguese Army, commanded by Wellesley, drives the French army, commanded by Marshal Soult, out of Porto, and forces them to retreat from the country.
  • May 17 – Napoleon I of France orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French Empire. When he announces that the Pope's secular power has ended, the Pope excommunicates him.
  • May 21 – Battle of Aspern-Essling begins.
  • May 22 – Battle of Aspern-Essling: Austrian troops under Archduke Karl beat the French under Napoleon, in a hard-fought battle.
  • May 24 – Dartmoor Prison opens in England, to house French prisoners of war.[5]
  • May 31
    • Mauritius campaign of 1809–11 – Action of 31 May 1809 in the Bay of Bengal: The French frigate Caroline, operating from Isle de France (Mauritius), captures most of a British East India Company fleet
    • The famous composer Joseph Haydn dies in Vienna at age 77 following Napoleon’s second siege of Vienna
  • June 6 – Sweden promulgates a new Instrument of Government, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates, after authoritarian rule since 1772. On the same day, Duke Charles (uncle of the deposed king Gustav IV Adolf) is elected King, under the name Charles XIII.
  • June 7 – Shoja Shah of the Durrani Empire signs a treaty with the British; only weeks later, he is succeeded by Mahmud Shah.
  • June 14 – A French victory, in the battle of Raab, prevents archduke John of Austria from bringing any significant force to the Battle of Wagram.
  • June 26 – Danish adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen deposes Count Frederich Trampe as governor of Iceland in the Revolution of 1809 and declares himself "Protector of Iceland".

July–September

Lord Castlereagh by Thomas Lawrence. The Irish politician fought a duel with his colleague George Canning on Putney Heath.

October–December

Date unknown

  • William Combe begins publication of the verse Tour of Dr. Syntax in search of the Picturesque in Ackermann's Political Magazine (London), illustrated with cartoons by Thomas Rowlandson, depicting comic and ridiculous scenes involving a hapless country physician, and coming to represent British Regency humour.
  • Louis Poinsot describes the two remaining Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra.
  • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes Philosophie Zoologique, outlining a (wrong) concept of evolution, by acquisition or loss of inherited characteristics, through use or disuse.
  • British recruits to the British East India Company (and subsequently to the Indian Civil Service) are required to learn at least one Indian language fluently.
  • Arorae an atoll of the Gilbert Islands was sighted by Captain John Patterson, on British brig Elizabeth.

Births

January–June

Abraham Lincoln and Charles Darwin, b. February 12, 1809
Edgar Allan Poe
Queen Sinjeong
Felix Mendelssohn
Georges-Eugène Haussmann

July–December

Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Fanny Kemble
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
William Gladstone

Date unknown

  • Ștefan Golescu, 8th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1874)[22]

Deaths

January–June

Joseph Haydn
Thomas Paine
Daniel Lambert

July–December

Matthew Boulton

References

  1. ^ "Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809". Thinkfinity. Verizon. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  2. ^ "The Fulton Patents". Today in Science History. Retrieved April 15, 2011.
  3. ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 243–244. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  4. ^ "Mary Kies - Patenting Pioneer". About.com. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved May 14, 2007.
  5. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  6. ^ McIlvenna, Una (August 15, 2019). "Why Napoleon Kidnapped One Pope After Another". HISTORY. Retrieved July 13, 2025.
  7. ^ "The Boyd incident - a frontier of chaos?". New Zealand History online. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. December 7, 2011. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2012.
  8. ^ John Henry Ingram (1891). Edgar Allan Poe: His Life, Letters, and Opinions. Ward, Lock, Bowden. p. 449.
  9. ^ The Gentleman's Magazine. F. Jefferies. 1860. p. 181.
  10. ^ Conway, David (2012). Jewry in Music: Entry to the Profession from the Enlightenment to Richard Wagner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-107-01538-8.
  11. ^ Desmond, Adrian J. (September 13, 2002). "Charles Darwin". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on February 6, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  12. ^ Donald, David Herbert (1996). Lincoln. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 20–22. ISBN 978-0-684-82535-9.
  13. ^ American Journal of Photography, Volume 14. Thos. H. McCollin & Company. 1893. p. 420.
  14. ^ (in German) Ulrike von Hase-Schmundt: Joseph Stieler : 1781 – 1858. Sein Leben u. sein Werk. Krit. Verzeichnis d. Werke. Prestel, München 1971, ISBN 3-7913-0340-6, S. 148 f
  15. ^ Nicholas Worrall (November 4, 1982). Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-349-16917-7.
  16. ^ Leslie, Stephen (1898). "Life of Tennyson" . Studies of a Biographer. Vol. 2. London: Duckworth and Co. pp. 196–240.
  17. ^ John R. Shook (January 1, 2005). Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers. A&C Black. p. 1148. ISBN 978-1-84371-037-0.
  18. ^ The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, with New Maps and Original American Articles by Eminent Writers. Werner. 1895. p. 19.
  19. ^ Gregor-Dellin, Martin (1983), Richard Wagner—His Life, His Work, His Century, Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-15-177151-6 Page 67
  20. ^ President of the United States (1965). "Remarks in Raleigh at North Carolina State College, October 6, 1964". Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States. Washington, DC: Office of the Federal Register. p. 1221 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ George William Erskine Russell (1891). The Right Honourable William Ewart Gladstone. Harper & Brothers. p. 1.
  22. ^ Radu Florescu (1997). The Struggle Against Russia in the Romanian Principalities: A Problem in Anglo-Turkish Diplomacy, 1821-1854. Center for Romanian Studies, The Foundation for Romanian Culture and Studies. p. 204. ISBN 978-973-98091-3-9.
  23. ^ "Moore, Sir John" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 809–810.
  24. ^ William Harding (1845). The History of Tiverton. p. 2.
  25. ^ Sir John Benjamin Stone (1870). A history of Lichfield Cathedral. With a description of its architecture and monuments. p. 104.
  26. ^ Brück, Marion (2007). "Schott, Peter Bernhard". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 23. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 486–487. (full text online).
  27. ^ Thomas Paine (1879). The Theological Works of Thomas Paine ...: The Whole Preceded by a Life of Paine. Belfords, Clarke & Company. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-02-236246-8. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  28. ^ H. W. Dickinson (October 31, 2010). Matthew Boulton. Cambridge University Press. p. 193. ISBN 978-1-108-01224-9.
  29. ^ Daniel Whistler; Benjamin Berger (October 29, 2020). The Schelling Reader. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-350-05332-8.
  30. ^ William John Arthur Charles James Cavendish-Bentinck Duke of Portland; Charles Fairfax Murray (1894). Catalogue of the Pictures Belonging to His Grace the Duke of Portland: At Welbeck Abbey, and in London. 1894. Pr. at the Chiswick Press. p. 10.
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