1807

February 7: Napoleon leads French troops into Russia in winter, and fights the Battle of Eylau.
June 14: Napoleon triumphs over Russia's General Benningsen, at the Battle of Friedland.

1807 (MDCCCVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1807th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 807th year of the 2nd millennium, the 7th year of the 19th century, and the 8th year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1807, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1807 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1807
MDCCCVII
Ab urbe condita2560
Armenian calendar1256
ԹՎ ՌՄԾԶ
Assyrian calendar6557
Balinese saka calendar1728–1729
Bengali calendar1213–1214
Berber calendar2757
British Regnal year47 Geo. 3 – 48 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar2351
Burmese calendar1169
Byzantine calendar7315–7316
Chinese calendar丙寅年 (Fire Tiger)
4504 or 4297
    — to —
丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit)
4505 or 4298
Coptic calendar1523–1524
Discordian calendar2973
Ethiopian calendar1799–1800
Hebrew calendar5567–5568
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1863–1864
 - Shaka Samvat1728–1729
 - Kali Yuga4907–4908
Holocene calendar11807
Igbo calendar807–808
Iranian calendar1185–1186
Islamic calendar1221–1222
Japanese calendarBunka 4
(文化４年)
Javanese calendar1733–1734
Julian calendarGregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar4140
Minguo calendar105 before ROC
民前105年
Nanakshahi calendar339
Thai solar calendar2349–2350
Tibetan calendarམེ་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་
(male Fire-Tiger)
1933 or 1552 or 780
    — to —
མེ་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་
(female Fire-Hare)
1934 or 1553 or 781
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1807.

Events

January–March

  • January 7 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland issues an Order in Council prohibiting British ships from trading with France or its allies.[1]
  • January 20 – The Sierra Leone Company, faced with bankruptcy because of the imminent abolition of the slave trade in British colonies, petitions the British government for purchase and transfer of its property to the Crown; Parliament approves the transfer on July 29, and it takes effect on January 1, 1808.[2]
  • February 3 – Napoleonic Wars and Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Montevideo – The British Army captures Montevideo from the Spanish Empire, as part of the British invasions of the Río de la Plata.
  • February 7 – Napoleon leads the forces of the French Empire in an invasion of the Russian Empire, and begins fighting at the Battle of Eylau against Russian and Prussian forces.[3]
  • February 8 – Battle of Eylau: Napoleon fights a hard but inconclusive battle against the Russians under Bennigsen.
  • February 10 – The Survey of the Coast (renamed the United States Coast Survey in 1836 and the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1878) is established; work begins on August 3, 1816.
  • February 17 – Henry Christopher is elected first President of the State of Haiti, ruling the northern part of the country.
  • February 19 – Burr conspiracy: In Alabama, former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is tried for conspiracy, but acquitted.
  • February 23 – The Slave Trade Act is passed in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom by an overwhelming majority.[4]
  • March 2 – The United States Congress passes the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves "into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States ... from any foreign kingdom, place, or country" (to take effect January 1, 1808).
  • March 25
    • The United Kingdom Slave Trade Act becomes law abolishing the slave trade in most of the British Empire[5] with effect from 1 May (slavery itself is abolished in British colonies in 1833).
    • The Swansea and Mumbles Railway in South Wales, at this time known as the Oystermouth Railway, becomes the first passenger-carrying railway in the world.
  • March 29 – H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid Vesta.

April–June

  • April 4–12 – Froberg mutiny: The British suppress a mutiny at Fort Ricasoli, Malta, by men of the irregularly-recruited Froberg Regiment.
  • April 14 – African Institution holds its first meeting in London; it is intended to improve social conditions in Sierra Leone.
  • May 22 – A grand jury indicts former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr for treason.[6]
  • May 24 – Siege of Danzig ends after 6 weeks with Prussian and Russian defenders capitulating to French forces.
  • May 29 – Selim III, Ottoman Emperor since 1789, is deposed in favour of his nephew Mustafa IV.
  • May 31 – Primitive Methodism originates in an All Day of Prayer at Mow Cop, in the north midlands of England.[7]
  • June 9 – The Duke of Portland is chosen as Prime Minister after the United Kingdom general election.
  • June 10 – The Battle of Heilsberg ends in a draw.
  • June 14 – Battle of Friedland: Napoleon decisively defeats Bennigsen's Russian army.
  • June 22 – Chesapeake–Leopard affair: British Royal Navy fourth rate HMS Leopard attacks and boards United States Navy frigate USS Chesapeake off Norfolk, Virginia, seeking deserters. This act of British aggression plays a role in the run-up to the War of 1812.

July–September

October–December

Approximate date

  • Battle of Hingakaka between two factions of Māori people, the largest battle ever fought in New Zealand, and the last fought there without firearms.[13] In 1807 or 1808 is fought the Battle of Moremonui, first of the Musket Wars.

Births

January–June

Robert E. Lee

July–December

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Deaths

January–June

Pasquale Paoli
  • February 1 – Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet, British admiral (b. c. 1758)
  • February 5 – Pasquale Paoli, Corsican patriot, military leader (b. 1725)
  • February 27 – Louise du Pierry, French astronomer (b.1746)
  • March 10 – Jean Thurel, French soldier (b. 1698)
  • April 4 – Jérôme Lalande, French astronomer (b. 1732)
  • April 10 – Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, regent of Weimar and Eisenach (b. 1739)
  • May 10 – Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, French soldier (b. 1725)
  • May 13 – Eliphalet Dyer, American statesman, judge (b. 1721)
  • May 17 – John Gunby, Maryland soldier in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1745)
  • May 18 – John Douglas, Scottish Anglican bishop, man of letters (b. 1721)
  • June 9 – Andrew Sterett, American naval officer (b. 1778)

July–December

Angelica Kauffman

References

  1. ^ William S. Dudley, ed. The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History (Naval Historical Center, 1985) p34
  2. ^ Stephen Tomkins, The Clapham Sect: How Wilberforce's Circle Transformed Britain (Lion Books, 2012) p200
  3. ^ William Hodgson, The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, Once Emperor of the French, who Died in Exile, at St. Helena, After a Captivity of Six Years' Duration (Orlando Hodgson, 1841) p384
  4. ^ "William Wilberforce (1759–1833)". Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  5. ^ "Abolition of the Slave Trade 1807". BBC. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
  6. ^ "The Aaron Burr Treason Trial" (PDF).
  7. ^ Farndale, W. E. (1950). The Secret of Mow Cop: a new appraisal of the origins of Primitive Methodism. London: Epworth Press.
  8. ^ "Sketch of the Canton Protestant Mission", by Rev. John Chalmers, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, Volume 7 (American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1876) p174
  9. ^ Marston, Nicholas (2006). Beethoven: Mass in C major, Op. 86 (PDF) (CD). Hyperion Records. CDH55263. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  10. ^ Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, Taste and the Antique: The Lure of Classical Sculpture, 1500-1900 (Yale University Press, 1982) p281
  11. ^ "England's Greatest Chemist, Sir Humphry Davy", by John A. Bowes, in Young England magazine (Sunday School Union, 1883) p63
  12. ^ Clowes, William Laird (1997) [1900]. The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to 1900. Vol. V. Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-014-0.
  13. ^ Anderson, Atholl (2022). "War is their principal profession: On the frequency and causes of Maori warfare and migration, 1250–1850 CE". In Clark, Geoffrey; Litster, Mirani (eds.). Archaeological Perspectives on Conflict and Warfare in Australia and the Pacific. Canberra: ANU Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-76046-489-9. Retrieved March 29, 2025 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ Calhoun, Charles C (2004). Longfellow: A Rediscovered Life. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0807070260.
  15. ^ "Fredrika Runeberg". Svenska Littaratursällskapet i Finland. Archived from the original on May 6, 2014. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
  16. ^ Robson, Ann P. "Mill [née Hardy; other married name Taylor], Harriet". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38051. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
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