1977

From top to bottom, left to right: Star Wars premieres, revolutionizing science fiction and blockbuster films; the Atari Video Computer System is released, popularizing cartridge-based gaming; Elvis Presley dies at Graceland, marking the end of a rock and roll era; the Ogaden War erupts as Somalia invades Ethiopia’s Ogaden region; the Torrijos–Carter Treaties set the framework for Panama Canal transfer; the Tenerife airport disaster kills 583 when two Boeing 747s collide, making it the deadliest aviation accident in history (excluding the deaths from American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 during 9/11); the Apple II is released, sparking the personal computer revolution; the Johnstown flood of 1977 kills 84 in Pennsylvania; and the 1977 Vrancea earthquake in Romania kills thousands and causes widespread destruction.
1977 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1977
MCMLXXVII
Ab urbe condita2730
Armenian calendar1426
ԹՎ ՌՆԻԶ
Assyrian calendar6727
Baháʼí calendar133–134
Balinese saka calendar1898–1899
Bengali calendar1383–1384
Berber calendar2927
British Regnal year25 Eliz. 2 – 26 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2521
Burmese calendar1339
Byzantine calendar7485–7486
Chinese calendar丙辰年 (Fire Dragon)
4674 or 4467
    — to —
丁巳年 (Fire Snake)
4675 or 4468
Coptic calendar1693–1694
Discordian calendar3143
Ethiopian calendar1969–1970
Hebrew calendar5737–5738
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat2033–2034
 - Shaka Samvat1898–1899
 - Kali Yuga5077–5078
Holocene calendar11977
Igbo calendar977–978
Iranian calendar1355–1356
Islamic calendar1397–1398
Japanese calendarShōwa 52
(昭和52年)
Javanese calendar1908–1909
Juche calendar66
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4310
Minguo calendarROC 66
民國66年
Nanakshahi calendar509
Thai solar calendar2520
Tibetan calendarམེ་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་
(male Fire-Dragon)
2103 or 1722 or 950
    — to —
མེ་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་
(female Fire-Snake)
2104 or 1723 or 951
Unix time220924800 – 252460799

1977 (MCMLXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1977th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 977th year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th year of the 20th century, and the 8th year of the 1970s decade.

Events

January

February

  • February 2 – The Congress Party of India, led by Indira Gandhi, splits with Jagjivan Ram and other senior leaders, forming Congress for Democracy. This party later merges with the Janata Party.[9]
  • February 3 – In northern Japan a blizzard piles snow on rooftops, causing many to collapse killing at least 31 people.[10]
  • February 4 – Eleven CTA commuters are killed when an elevated train derails from the Loop in central Chicago, United States.[11]
  • February 7 – The Soviet Union launches Soyuz 24 (Viktor Gorbatko, Yury Glazkov) to dock with the Salyut 5 space station.
  • February 18
  • American Space Shuttle program: First test flight of Space Shuttle Enterprise mated to the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.[12]
  • The Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire started during Chinese New Year when a firecracker ignites wreaths to the late Mao Zedong, killing 694 people, mostly children. It remains the deadliest fire in China.[13]

March

April

  • April 2Horse racing: Red Rum wins a record third Grand National at Aintree Racecourse in the UK.[22]
  • April 4 – Southern Airways Flight 242 crashes on a highway in New Hope, Georgia, United States, killing 72 people.[23]
  • April 7 – German Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light near his home in Karlsruhe. The "Ulrike Meinhof Commando" later claims responsibility.
April 11: UK Silver Jubilee (25 red buses painted silver)
  • April 9Spain legalizes the Communist Party of Spain, which had been outlawed since 1939.
  • April 11 – London Transport's Silver Jubilee AEC Routemaster buses are launched.
  • April 17 – Belgian prime minister Leo Tindemans' Christian Social Party gains eight seats in the lower house in parliamentary elections.
  • April 18 – An annular solar eclipse was visible in Africa, and was the 29th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 138.
  • April 24 – In northern Bangladesh, a cyclone kills 13 people and injures about 100 others.[24]
  • April 28 – A federal court in Stuttgart, West Germany, sentences Red Army Faction members Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, and Jan-Carl Raspe to life imprisonment.
  • April 30 – The Cold War between Cambodia and Vietnam evolves into the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.

May

  • May 1 – The Taksim Square massacre in Istanbul results in 34 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
  • May 12 – Portugal and Israel establish diplomatic relations.
  • May 14 – An IAS Cargo Boeing 707 airplane crash in Lusaka, Zambia, kills all six on board.[25]
  • May 16 – A 20-passenger S-61L topples sideways at takeoff from the roof of the Pan Am Building in Midtown Manhattan. Four passengers are killed by the turning rotors and a woman at street level is killed by a falling blade.[26]
  • May 17 – The Likud Party, led by Menachem Begin, wins the national elections in Israel.
  • May 23
    • Scientists report using bacteria in a lab to make insulin via gene splicing.
    • Moluccan terrorists take over a school in Bovensmilde, northern Netherlands (105 hostages), and a passenger train on the Bovensmilde–Assen route nearby (90 hostages) at the same time. The children are released on May 26.[27] On June 11, Dutch Royal Marines storm the train, and six terrorists and two hostages are killed.
  • May 25 - Star Wars is released in the United States by director George Lucas, It immediately became a major pop culture phenomenon, and became a major box office hit for the next 6 years. [28]
  • May 27
    • The 1977 Aeroflot Ilyushin 62 airplane crash in Cuba kills 69 people.[29]
    • A demonstration and coup attempt in Angola takes place. Thousands are killed by the government and Cuban forces.[30]
  • May 28 – The Beverly Hills Supper Club in Southgate, Kentucky, United States, is engulfed in fire; 165 are killed inside.
  • May 29 – Indianapolis 500: A. J. Foyt becomes the first driver to win the race four times.

June

Flag of Djibouti

July

  • July 1
    • The East African Community is dissolved.[32]
    • The Championships, Wimbledon (tennis) – Virginia Wade wins the women's singles title in the centenary year of the tournament, Wade's first and only Wimbledon title and her third and final Grand Slam title overall; she remains the last British woman to win the singles title at Wimbledon.
  • July 5 – General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq overthrows Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan.
  • July 9 – The Pinochet dictatorship in Chile organises the youth event of Acto de Chacarillas,[33] a ritualised act reminiscent of Francoist Spain.[34]
  • July 10 – A temperature of 48.0 °C (118.4 °F), a record for continental Europe, is recorded in Greece.[35]
  • July 13
    • Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ethio-Somali War.
    • New York City is affected by a complete electricity blackout lasting through the following day that results in citywide looting and other criminal activity, including arson.
  • July 2124 – The Libyan–Egyptian War, sparked by a Libyan raid on Sallum, begins.
  • July 21 – Süleyman Demirel, of AP forms the new government of Turkey (41st government a three-party coalition, so-called second national front (Turkish: Milliyetçi cephe)).
  • July 22 – The purged Chinese Communist leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power nine months after the "Gang of Four" was expelled from power in a coup d'état.
  • July 27 – The Soviet Politburo orders Boris Yeltsin to demolish the Ipatiev House, where Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family were shot in 1918. Yeltsin later refers to this as a barbarian act.
  • July 30 – Left-wing German terrorists Susanne Albrecht,[36] Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar assassinate Jürgen Ponto,[37] chairman of the Dresdner Bank in Oberursel, West Germany.

August

September

  • September 4 – The Golden Dragon massacre, involving rival Chinatown gangs, takes place in San Francisco, United States. Five are killed.[40]
  • September 5
    • Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay.
    • German Autumn: Employers Association President Hanns Martin Schleyer is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany. The kidnappers kill three escorting police officers and his chauffeur. They demand the release of Red Army Faction prisoners.
  • September 7 – Torrijos-Carter treaties: Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The U.S. agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
  • September 8Interpol issues a resolution against the copyright infringement of video tapes and other material, which is still cited in warnings on opening pre-credits of videocassettes and DVDs.
  • September 10 – Murderer Hamida Djandoubi is the last person executed by guillotine in France (at Marseille) and the last legal beheading in the Western world.
  • September 15Optical fiber is first used to carry live telephone traffic, as an Italian company in Turin, Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni (CSELT) begins operation of two telephone exchanges.[41]
  • September 18Courageous (U.S.), skippered by Ted Turner, sweeps the Australian challenger Australia in the 24th America's Cup yacht race at Newport, Rhode Island.
  • September 19
  • September 20 – The Petrozavodsk phenomenon is observed in the Soviet Union and some northern European countries.
  • September 28 – The Porsche 928 debuts at the Geneva Motor Show.

October

November

November 19: Anwar Sadat meets Menachem Begin in Israel.
November 22: TCP/IP links 3 of 111 ARPANET nodes.
  • November 2 – The worst storm in Athens' modern history causes havoc across the Greek capital and kills 38 people.
  • November 6 – The Kelly Barnes Dam, located above Toccoa Falls Bible College near Toccoa, Georgia, United States, fails, killing 39 people.
  • November 8
  • November 9Gen. Hugo Banzer, president of the military government of Bolivia, announces that the constitutional democracy will be restored in 1978 instead of 1980 as previously provided.
  • November 19
    • Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to make an official visit to Israel, when he meets with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin, seeking a permanent peace settlement.
    • TAP Portugal Flight 425 crashes at Madeira Airport, Funchal, Portugal, killing 131 and leaving 33 survivors.
  • November 22
  • November 30 – The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is founded as a specialized agency of the United Nations.

December

  • December – The Colombo Plan for Co-operative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific (CESDAP) is implemented.
  • December 4
  • December 6 – South Africa grants independence to Bophuthatswana, although it is not recognized by any other country.
  • December 10 – 1977 Australian federal election: Malcolm Fraser's Liberal/National Country Coalition government is re-elected with a slightly reduced majority, defeating the Labor Party led by former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. Consequently, Whitlam resigns as ALP leader after holding the job for nearly 11 years; he is replaced by former treasurer Bill Hayden.
  • December 13 – a chartered Douglas DC-3 aircraft carrying the University of Evansville basketball team to Nashville, Tennessee, crashes in rain and dense fog about 90 seconds after takeoff from Evansville Regional Airport; 29 people die in the crash, including 14 members of the team and head coach Bob Watson.
  • December 18 – SA de Transport Aérien Flight 730, an international charter service from Zurich to Funchal Airport (Madeira), hits the sea during a landing attempt. Many of the 36 who die drown, trapped inside the sinking aircraft. Twenty-one people survive with the help of rescuers and by swimming to the shore.
  • December 19 – The Mw  5.9 Bob–Tangol earthquake rocks Iran, killing at least 584 people and injuring 1,000.[43]
  • December 20Djibouti and Vietnam join the United Nations.
  • December 22 – A grain elevator explodes in Westwego, Louisiana, United States, killing 36 people.

Births

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

Orlando Bloom
Leigh Whannell
Jerry Trainor

February

Shakira
Floyd Mayweather Jr.

March

Chris Martin
Ronan Keating
Robin Thicke
Jessica Chastain
  • March 1 – Rens Blom, Dutch athlete
  • March 2Chris Martin, British rock musician[60]
  • March 3Ronan Keating, Irish singer
  • March 4 – Ana Guevara, Mexican track and field athlete and politician[61]
  • March 6
    • Paquillo Fernández, Spanish race walker
    • Santino Marella, Canadian professional wrestler
  • March 7
    • Ronan O'Gara, Irish rugby player[62]
  • March 8 – James Van Der Beek, American actor
  • March 9
    • Peter Enckelman, Finnish footballer
    • Shannon Miller, American gymnast
  • March 10 – Robin Thicke, American-Canadian R&B singer-songwriter and actor[63]
  • March 11 – Becky Hammon, American basketball player
  • March 14
    • Matthew Booth, South African footballer[64]
    • Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (d. 2011)[65]
    • Kim Nam-il, South Korean footballer
  • March 15 – Brian Tee, Japanese American actor
  • March 16 – Mónica Cruz, Spanish actress and dancer
  • March 18
    • Arkady Babchenko, Russian journalist[66]
    • Zdeno Chára, Slovak ice hockey player
    • Willy Sagnol, French football player and coach[67]
  • March 19 – Robert Lindstedt, Swedish tennis player[68]
  • March 24 – Jessica Chastain, American actress[69]
  • March 25 – Édgar Ramírez, Venezuelan actor
  • March 28 – Annie Wersching, American actress (d. 2023)

April

Michael Fassbender
Jonathan Erlich
Sarah Michelle Gellar
John Cena
  • April 1 – Vitor Belfort, Brazilian mixed martial artist[70]
  • April 2
    • Michael Fassbender, Irish-German actor
    • Nicki Pedersen, Danish speedway rider[71]
  • April 5
    • Jonathan Erlich, Israeli tennis player[72]
    • Daniel Majstorović, Swedish soccer player[73]
  • April 9Gerard Way, American musician and comic book writer[74]
  • April 10 – Cristiano Zanetti, Italian footballer[75]
  • April 12
    • Tobias Angerer, German cross-country skier
    • Gemma Mengual, Spanish synchronised swimmer[76]
  • April 14
  • April 16Freddie Ljungberg, Swedish footballer
  • April 17 – Frederik Magle, Danish composer, concert organist, and pianist
  • April 21 – Jamie Salé, Canadian figure skater
  • April 22
  • April 23
    • Arash, Iranian-Swedish singer, entertainer and producer
    • John Cena, American professional wrestler, actor and rapper
    • John Oliver, British-American comedian and host
    • Kal Penn, American actor, producer, and former civil servant
    • Matt Huuki, American politician and former member of the Michigan House of Representatives in 2011 and 2012
  • April 24
    • Carlos Beltrán, Puerto Rican baseball player
    • Rebecca Mader, English actress
  • April 25 – Manolo Cardona, Colombian actor
  • April 26
    • Jason Earles, American actor, comedian, and martial artist
    • Tom Welling, American actor, director, producer, and model
  • April 30 – Alexandra Holden, American actress

May

Maryam Mirzakhani
Samantha Morton
Melanie Lynskey
Richard Ayoade
  • May 4 – Emily Perkins, Canadian actress
  • May 5
    • Choi Kang-hee, South Korean actress
    • Virginie Efira, Belgian actress and television anchor
    • Jessica Schwarz, German film and television actress
  • May 9 – Marek Jankulovski, Czech footballer[78]
  • May 10Nick Heidfeld, German racing driver
  • May 11
    • Janne Ahonen, Finnish ski jumper
    • Victor Matfield, South African rugby player
  • May 12 – Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician (d. 2017)
  • May 13
    • Samantha Morton, English actress
    • Tarik Sektioui, Moroccan footballer[79]
  • May 14 – Roy Halladay, American baseball player (d. 2017)[80]
  • May 16
    • Melanie Lynskey, New Zealand actress
    • Emilíana Torrini, Icelandic singer
  • May 23
    • Richard Ayoade, British actor and presenter
    • Ilia Kulik, Russian figure skater
    • Yevgeny Rodionov, Russian soldier (d. 1996)
  • May 24
    • Jeet Gannguli, Indian singer, music director and score composer
    • Tamarine Tanasugarn, Thai tennis player[81]
  • May 25 – Alberto Del Rio, Mexican professional wrestler
  • May 26Luca Toni, Italian footballer
  • May 27
    • Abderrahmane Hammad, Algerian athlete
    • Tommie van der Leegte, Dutch soccer player
  • May 29Massimo Ambrosini, Italian football player
  • May 30 – Katharina Slanina, German politician
  • May 31
    • Domenico Fioravanti, Italian swimmer[82]
    • Moses Sichone, Zambian footballer

June

Sarah Wayne Callies
Zachary Quinto
Kanye West
  • June 1
    • Sarah Wayne Callies, American actress
    • Jónsi, Icelandic singer
  • June 2Zachary Quinto, American actor
  • June 7
    • Chen Luyun, Chinese basketball player (d. 2015)
    • Donovan Ricketts, Jamaican footballer[83]
  • June 8Kanye West, American rapper and record producer[84]
  • June 9Peja Stojaković, Serbian basketball player
  • June 11
    • Kim Hee-sun, South Korean actress[85]
    • Geoff Ogilvy, Australian golfer
  • June 12 – Ana Tijoux, French-Chilean musician
  • June 17 – Bartosz Brożek, Polish philosopher and jurist[86]
  • June 18 – Kaja Kallas, 19th prime minister of Estonia[87]
  • June 19 – Veronika Vařeková, Czech model
  • June 21 – Jochen Hecht, German ice hockey player
  • June 23Jason Mraz, American singer-songwriter
  • June 25
    • Layla El, English dancer, model, and retired professional wrestler
    • Naoya Tsukahara, Japanese gymnast
  • June 26
    • William Kipsang, Kenyan long-distance runner
    • Tite Kubo, Japanese manga artist who created BLEACH[88]
  • June 27
    • Arkadiusz Radomski, Polish footballer
    • Raúl, Spanish footballer
  • June 29
    • Will Kemp, English actor and dancer
    • Zuleikha Robinson, British actress
  • June 30 – Justo Villar, Paraguayan footballer[89]

July

Liv Tyler
Milo Ventimiglia
Chiwetel Ejiofor
Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden

August

Edward Furlong
Tom Brady
John Green

September

Ludacris
Tom Hardy

October

Dudu Aouate
Jyothika
Birgit Prinz
  • October 1 - Claudia Palacios, Colombian journalist and newsreader
  • October 2 – Didier Défago, Swiss Olympic alpine skier
  • October 3 – Antonio Di Natale, Italian football player and coach[107]
  • October 4
    • Najat Vallaud-Belkacem, French politician[108]
    • Bowie Jane, Australian DJ, singer, producer, lawyer and contestant on Big Brother Season 25[109]
  • October 6 – Daniel Brière, Canadian ice hockey player and executive[110]
  • October 8 – Anne-Caroline Chausson, French mountain bicycle racer
  • October 10 – Brandon Vera, Filipino-American retired mixed martial artist and former ONE Heavyweight World Champion
  • October 11 - Matt Bomer, American film, stage, and television actor
  • October 12Bode Miller, American skier[111]
  • October 13
  • October 14
    • Kelly Schumacher, American basketball and volleyball player
    • Oleg Velyky, Ukrainian and German handball player World champion 2007 (d. 2010)
  • October 15David Trezeguet, French footballer
  • October 16John Mayer, American musician and record producer
  • October 17
    • Dudu Aouate, Israeli footballer[114]
    • André Villas-Boas, Portuguese football manager
  • October 18
    • Jyothika, Indian actress
    • Ryan Nelsen, New Zealand footballer
    • Peter Sohn, American animator, voice actor, storyboard artist, and film director
    • Paul Stalteri, Canadian soccer player[115]
  • October 19 – Raúl Tamudo, Spanish footballer[116]
  • October 25 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer
  • October 26
    • Jon Heder, American actor and voice artist
    • Louis Crayton, Swiss/Liberian footballer
  • October 27 – Kumar Sangakkara, Sri Lankan cricketer
  • October 28 – Jonas Rasmussen, Danish badminton player
  • October 29 – Brendan Fehr, Canadian actor

November

Brittany Murphy

December

Oxana Fedorova
Emmanuel Macron
Psy
  • December 1Brad Delson, American musician (Linkin Park)
  • December 2 – Nancy Mace, American politician[122]
  • December 6 – Andrew Flintoff, English cricketer
  • December 7 – Luke Donald, English golfer
  • December 8
    • Elsa Benítez, Mexican model and television host
    • Sébastien Chabal, French rugby union player
    • Matthias Schoenaerts, Belgian actor and producer
  • December 10 – Andrea Henkel, German professional biathlete[123]
  • December 11 – Peter Stringer, Irish rugby union player
  • December 12 – Adam Saitiev, Chechen wrestler, Olympic gold medalist
  • December 14 – Thoriqul Haq, Indonesian politician
  • December 16
    • Anu Nieminen, Finnish badminton player
    • René Redzepi, Danish chef
  • December 17 – Oxana Fedorova, Russian model
  • December 20 – Sonja Aldén, Swedish pop singer
  • December 21
    • Gregor Horvatič, Slovenian politician
    • Emmanuel Macron, 25th president of France
  • December 23 – Jari Mäenpää, Finnish musician
  • December 24 – Domingo Vega, also known as Américo, Chilean singer
  • December 25 – Uhm Ji-won, South Korean actress
  • December 30
    • Laila Ali, American boxer
    • Kenyon Martin, American basketball player[124]
  • December 31
    • Psy, South Korean singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer and record producer
    • Donald Trump Jr., American businessman and son of former U.S. president Donald Trump[125]

Deaths

Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

Anthony Eden
Peter Finch

February

Alia Toukan

March

Fannie Lou Hamer
Marien Ngouabi

April

Gummo Marx
  • April 2 – John Whitaker, British gymnast (b. 1886)
  • April 5 – Carlos Prío Socarrás, 11th president of Cuba (b. 1903)
  • April 7 – Karl Ritter, German film producer and director (b. 1888)
  • April 11Jacques Prévert, French poet and screenwriter (b. 1900)[137]
  • April 17 – William Conway, Northern Irish cardinal (b. 1913)
  • April 20
    • Wilmer Allison, American tennis champion (b. 1904)
    • Bryan Foy, American film producer and director (b. 1896)
  • April 21 – Gummo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1892)
  • April 27
    • Stanley Adams, American actor (b. 1915)
    • Charles Alston, American artist and sculptor (b. 1907)
  • April 28
    • Ricardo Cortez, American actor (b. 1899)
    • Sepp Herberger, German footballer and manager (b. 1897)

May

Joan Crawford

June

Wernher von Braun

July

David Toro

August

Elvis Presley
Groucho Marx

September

Marc Bolan
Maria Callas

October

Bing Crosby

November

Kurt Schuschnigg

December

Sir Charlie Chaplin

Nobel Prizes

References

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