1535

April 20: The Vädersol appears in the sky over Stockholm and is interpreted as an omen from God
June 1: The Holy Roman Empire begins its attempt at the Conquest of Tunis.
1535 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1535
MDXXXV
Ab urbe condita2288
Armenian calendar984
ԹՎ ՋՁԴ
Assyrian calendar6285
Balinese saka calendar1456–1457
Bengali calendar941–942
Berber calendar2485
English Regnal year26 Hen. 8 – 27 Hen. 8
Buddhist calendar2079
Burmese calendar897
Byzantine calendar7043–7044
Chinese calendar甲午年 (Wood Horse)
4232 or 4025
    — to —
乙未年 (Wood Goat)
4233 or 4026
Coptic calendar1251–1252
Discordian calendar2701
Ethiopian calendar1527–1528
Hebrew calendar5295–5296
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1591–1592
 - Shaka Samvat1456–1457
 - Kali Yuga4635–4636
Holocene calendar11535
Igbo calendar535–536
Iranian calendar913–914
Islamic calendar941–942
Japanese calendarTenbun 4
(天文４年)
Javanese calendar1453–1454
Julian calendar1535
MDXXXV
Korean calendar3868
Minguo calendar377 before ROC
民前377年
Nanakshahi calendar67
Thai solar calendar2077–2078
Tibetan calendarཤིང་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་
(male Wood-Horse)
1661 or 1280 or 508
    — to —
ཤིང་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་
(female Wood-Sheep)
1662 or 1281 or 509

Year 1535 (MDXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

  • January 18 – Lima, now the capital of Peru, is founded by Francisco Pizarro, as Ciudad de los Reyes.[1]
  • January 21 – The French Protestant leaders of the October 1534 Affaire des Placards are burned to death in front of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris and witnessed by a large crowd that includes King François and the visiting Ottoman diplomats.[2]
  • February 27 – George Joye publishes his Apologye in Antwerp, to clear his name from the accusations of William Tyndale.
  • March 10 – Fray Tomás de Berlanga discovers the Galápagos Islands, when blown off course en route to Peru.
  • March 23 – English forces under William Skeffington storm Maynooth Castle in Ireland, the stronghold of Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare, after a siege that began on March 16. Skeffington shows little mercy to the 25 surviving defenders, and has them decapitated in front of the castle two days after the surrender.[3]
  • March 29 – (Tenbun 4, 26th day of 2nd month) Go-Nara, who has ruled since 1526 is formally installed as the 105th Emperor of Japan[4]

April–June

  • April 11 – The visiting Ottoman envoys to France depart from Marseille, six months after having arrived from Istanbul in October. Jean de La Forêt, the new French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, accompanies the Ottoman fleet with his party on a French galley, and the group sails to Tunis.[5]
  • April 20 – While King Gustav Vasa of Sweden is out of the country, an unusual atmospheric phenomenon, the Vädersol, appears in the sky over the Swedish capital of Stockholm, and last for two hours. Because of uncertainty about whether the vädersol is a sign of God showing favor or disapproval of the Protestant reformation and of King Gustav himself, the Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop Olaus Petri commissions Urban Larsson to document the event in a painting, the Vädersolstavlan.
  • May 4 – The first of the English Carthusian Martyrs of London, John Houghton of London, Robert Lawrence of Beauvale, and Augustine Webster of Axholme are executed at Tyburn after refusing to sign the English Oath of Supremacy.[6] The three will be canonized 435 years later on October 25, 1970, as saints of the Roman Catholic Church, with a feast day of May 4.[7]
  • May 10 – In Amsterdam, a small troop of Anabaptists, led by the minister Jacob van Geel, attacks the city hall, in an attempted coup to seize the city. In the counter-attack by the city's militia, the burgemeester, Pieter Colijns, is killed by the rebels.[8] In another incident this year in Amsterdam, seven men and five women walk nude in the streets; and Anabaptists rebel in other cities of the Netherlands.
  • May 19 – French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail for his second voyage to North America with three ships, 110 men, and Chief Donnacona's two sons (taken by Cartier during his first voyage).
  • May 20 – William Tyndale is arrested in Antwerp for heresy, in relation to his Bible translation,[9] and imprisoned in Vilvoorde.
  • June 1 – The Conquest of Tunis by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, begins with the destruction of Barbarossa's fleet. Following the eventual capture of the city from the Ottoman Empire, around 30,000 inhabitants are massacred.
  • June 8 – Battle of Bornholm: Combined Swedish and Danish fleets defeat the Hanseatic navy.
  • June 22 – Cardinal John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, is executed for his refusal to swear an oath of loyalty to King Henry VIII of England.[10]
  • June 24 – Münster Rebellion: The Anabaptist state of Münster is conquered and disbanded.

July–September

October–December

Viceroy Mendoza of New Spain
  • November 1 – Eighteen days after the death of Francesco II Sforza, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V claims the Duchy of Milan as his inheritance under Sforza's will. King François of France disputes the claim of Charles, citing the French right to rule Milan, Genoa and Asti, and the dispute leads to war between France and the Empire.[15]
  • November 14 –
    • Spanish colonial administrator Antonio de Mendoza is appointed as the first Viceroy of New Spain, with jurisdiction on behalf of King Carlos of Spain over a large area of what is now Mexico and the southwestern United States, from California to Louisiana, the state of Florida, most of Central America and the Caribbean, the northern parts of South America, the Philippines and Guam.[16]
    • Voters in the Republic of Geneva approve the merger of the city's seven charitable establishments into a single entity, the Hôpital général
  • November 30 – Jakob Hutter, leader of the Hutterites is arrested along with his wife in Klausen in the Tyrol region on the Italian side of the Alps. The two are taken to the prison at the fortress in Bronzolo.[17][18]
  • December 4 – The Consejo de i Diexe, governing body for the Republic of Venice, votes to replace the republic's treasury, made of wood, with the Zecca a structure that has stone vaults, and invites architects to submit designs.[19]
  • December 28 – James Atkenhead, the envoy of Scotland's King James V, leaves Scotland to travel to France to evaluate Mary of Bourbon, daughter of Charles, Duke of Vendôme, as a prospective queen consort.[20] After the evaluation, and a personal visit by King James to France, the Scottish monarch decides to return to his plan to marry Madeline of Valois, daughter of King Francois of France.
  • December – Manco Inca Yupanqui, nominally Sapa Inca, is imprisoned by the Spanish Conquistadors of Peru.

Date unknown

Births

Pope Leo XI
Katarina Stenbock

Deaths

Ippolito de' Medici

References

  1. ^ W. Michael Mathes (1973). The Conquistador in California: 1535: The Voyage of Fernando Cortes to Baja California in Chronicles and Documents. Dawson's Book Shop. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-87093-231-1.
  2. ^ Edith Garnier, L'Alliance Impie (Editions du Felin, 2008) p.90 ISBN 978-2-86645-678-8
  3. ^ McCoog, Thomas M. (2011). The Society of Jesus in Ireland, Scotland, and England 1541-1588: "Our way of proceeding". Brill. p. 17.
  4. ^ Isaac Titsingh, ed. (1834). Annales des Empereurs du Japon. (Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1834) pp. 372–382.
  5. ^ Edith Garnier, L'Alliance Impie (Editions du Felin, 2008) p.91 ISBN 978-2-86645-678-8
  6. ^ Cranmer, Thomas (1833). The Remains of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury. Oxford University Press.
  7. ^ Malcolm Pullan (2008). The Lives and Times of Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 1535–1680. Athena Press. pp. xvii–xxii. ISBN 978-1-84748-258-7.
  8. ^ Tracy, James D. (1990). Holland under Habsburg Rule, 1506–1566: The Formation of a Body Politic. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06882-3.
  9. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  10. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 210–215. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  11. ^ de Ramón Folch, José Armando (1953). Descubrimiento de Chile y Compañeros de Almagro (in Spanish). Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas. p. 42.
  12. ^ Everto Creasando, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1535". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
  13. ^ Ludwig Pastor, History of the Popes (tr. R.F. Kerr) Volume XI (London: Kegan Paul Trench Trubner 1912), pp. 148-150. Stephan Ehses, "Kirchliche Reformarbeiten unter Papst Paul III. vor dem Trienter Konzil," in: Römische Quartalschrift für christliche Altertumskunde und Kirchengeschichte (in German). Vol. XV. Herder. 1900., pp. 153—174; 397—411, at p. 157.
  14. ^ Palermo, Gaspare (1816). "Gaspare Palermo, Guida istruttiva per potersi conoscere tutte le magnificenze della Città di Palermo, Volume terzo, Palermo, Reale Stamperia, 1816, p. 3-5".
  15. ^ Mallett, Michael; Shaw, Christine (2012). The Italian Wars: 1494–1559. Pearson Education. p. 228. ISBN 978-0582057586.
  16. ^ Aiton, Arthur Scott (1927). Antonio de Mendoza, first viceroy of New Spain. Internet Archive. Duke University Press.
  17. ^ Werner O. Packull, Hutterite Beginnings: Communitarian Experiments during the Reformation (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995)
  18. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (1990). "1535". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 2. Hamm: Bautz. ISBN 3-88309-032-8.
  19. ^ Deborah Howard, Jacopo Sansovino: Architecture and Patronage in Renaissance Venice (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975) p.39 ISBN 9780300018912
  20. ^ Teulet, Alexandre, Relations Politiques de la France et de l'Espagne avec l'Ecosse, vol. 1, Paris (1862) 94-105.
  21. ^ "The story of Johann Koell, Simon Wanradt and the Wanradt-Koell catechism". Histrodamus. Archived from the original on October 5, 2015. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
  22. ^ Building inscription commemorating the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem. Israel Antiquities Authority (2023).
  23. ^ "Gregory XIV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  24. ^ "Leo XI | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  25. ^ "History - Historic Figures: Thomas More (1478 - 1535)". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
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